Federal Student Aid Technical Architecture Initiatives

1. Session T-03 Federal Student Aid Technical Architecture Initiatives James McMahon Ganesh Reddy U.S. Department of Education

2. Person Record Management System and PIN Re-engineering James McMahon

3. NSLDS DMCS DLCS DLSS COD Gathering and Using Person Data Aid Awareness and Application Aid Delivery Servicing/ Consolidation • Create or • Update • (DL, FFEL and • Perkins) • Create Or Update • Create or • Update CPS • Create or • Update PIN

4. Why Person Data Management? • No single version of the “truth” for a customer account • Disparate systems developed with duplicative and conflicting information about applicants and recipients • Different system keys for identifying individuals • Use of the SSN in authentication and customer identification

5. Why Person Data Management? (cont’d) • Difficulty in developing single picture of customer data • Comingling of authentication and demographic functions • Lack of integration with enterprise security architecture • No flexibility in interfacing with authenticated and unauthenticated users

6. What will Person Data Management do? • Deploy a new paradigm for person data management via a shared service at the enterprise level that all business applications can use • Improve data quality for person data throughout the Student Aid Lifecycle • Enable increased tracking and reporting capabilities for program integrity and program oversight • Enable the Integrated Student View, Single Sign-On, and additional streamlining initiatives • Provide infrastructure to allow for elimination of use of SSN as key identifier in Federal Student Aid systems

7. What is the Person Data Management Program? • Person Data Management (PDM) is primarily comprised of two major projects: • The Person Record Management Service (PRMS) • A re-engineering of the current PIN solution

8. What is PRMS? • PRMS will be the master record for Federal Student Aid of an applicant or recipient’s demographic information • PRMS will be an enterprise shared service using a publish and subscribe model following Service-Oriented Architecture principles • Legacy applications will transition to use of the PRMS in a phased manner

9. What is PRMS? (cont’d) • Will provide an enterprise account number (FAN = FSA Account Number) for persons: • Creates a unique identifier as the enterprise identifier • Protects the person’s identity • Passes the new identifier to other systems • Allows people interacting with Federal Student Aid systems to not use personal identifying information to access detailed information • Helps in resolving data quality issues • Maintains history of person data • Acts as the master source/location of person data where it is maintained and shared with other internal systems

10. Conceptual Diagram of PRMS Conceptual Depiction 10

11. What is PIN Re-engineering? • A re-engineered PIN solution will: • Separate person demographic and authentication information and the functions associated • Introduce an enterprise approach to use of user ID and password • Strengthen the authentication credential (PIN) • Integrate the authentication function with Federal Student Aid ’s enterprise security architecture solution

12. Conceptual Diagram of Re-engineered PIN

13. PDM Solution(s) Conceptual Architecture The PDM solution includes two databases: Person Data Hub and the Person Directory: • Person Data Hub • will be the new master data management solution for person data for identity (e.g., SSN, name, DOB) and demographic data (e.g., address, email address) • Person Directory • will store a copy of authentication information.

14. Questions?

15. Tactical Improvements to IT Security Virtual Keyboard, Two Factor Authentication, Active Confirmation and FAA Access to CPS Online Ganesh Reddy

16. Tactical Improvements to IT Security Quick fixes and high impact improvements that can be implemented in a short timeframe to enhance the IT security • Virtual Keyboard • Implement technologies appropriate for Federal Student Aid that evade potential "key logging" • Two-Factor Authentication (T-FA) • Implement Two-Factor Authentication solution for privileged users to access National Student Loan Data System (NSLDS) from internet • Active Confirmation • Assess current state of access controls for partners and deploy an “active confirmation” process • FAA Access to CPS Online Login • Enhance current state of access to limit use of Personal Identifying Information (PII)

17. Virtual Keyboard

18. Keylogging – Virtual Keyboard Keylogging (Keystroke logging) is a method of capturing and recording user keystrokes. Some of the common technologies used to evade keylogging include: • Anti-spyware • Monitoring what programs are running • Firewall • Network Monitors • Automatic form filler programs • Alternative keyboard layouts • One-time passwords • Smartcards • Virtual keyboards Virtual keyboards are provided on the application login page and do not require end users acquire additional software

19. Keylogging – Virtual Keyboard

20. Keylogging – Virtual Keyboard

21. Virtual Keyboard at Federal Student Aid

22. Federal Student Aid Virtual Keyboard Features Virtual keyboards are provided on the Security Architecture (SA) login page and do not require end users acquire additional software. Some of the features of Federal Student Aid Virtual Keyboard include: • Highly effective in evading “Key Logging” • Widely used by many financial institutions • Least expensive technology to deploy (even for 50 million users) • Does not require any new hardware or software on client machines • Does not require any changes to the applications • Available to all applications that use SA • Works in conjunction with the existing keyboard • Usage is optional but can be made mandatory based on security policy • Keys can entered by mouse click or by leaving mouse on the key for 2 seconds • Virtual keyboard randomly shifts on the screen • Supports multiple keyboard layouts (US and Dvork)

23. Two-Factor Authentication

24. T-FA Implementation Objectives Federal Student Aid is implementing Two-Factor Authentication (T-FA) for privileged users to access Federal Student Aid systems from the internet to enhance the security of its information systems

25. What is Two-Factor Authentication? Two-Factor Authentication (T-FA) uses two pieces of information and processes (two different methods) to authenticate a person's identity for security purposes. Authentication factors are generally classified into three categories: • Something the user has • ID card, security token, software token, phone, or cell phone • Something the user knows • password, pass phrase, or personal identification number • Something the user is • fingerprint or retinal pattern, voice recognition, or another biometric identifier Two-Factor Authentication requires the use of solutions from two of the three categories of factors.

26. T-FA Technologies Some of the common technologies used as the second factor authentication in concert with User ID and Password include: • Hardware Tokens - generate a constantly changing one-time password to enable authentication. • Software Tokens on PCs - enable authentication with computer as second factor authenticator. • Software Tokens on Mobile Devices - allow authentication from smart phones and PDAs. • Smart Cards - enable authentication as well as of physical access. • USB Tokens - enable authentication without the need to key in a token code (can be plugged into a standard USB port). • Biometric Devices - enable authentication according to the physical characteristics of a user (fingerprint and retina scans).

27. Federal Student Aid T-FA Features Two-Factor Authentication solution features: • Reliable, scalable, available, and meets sub-second performance standards • Compatible and interoperable with Federal Student Aid Standards • Integrates seamlessly with existing Federal Student Aid architectures • Supports web applications and does not require client-side software • Compliant with NIST, FIPS and other federal T-FA standards • Has ongoing operations and maintenance product support • Based on mature technology with a broad installed market base

28. Active Confirmation

29. What is Active Confirmation? • Active confirmation is the process of a Designated Point Administrator (DPA) reviewing users' access privileges on a establish time schedule and confirming these users' privileges. This will help ensure an updated and secure environment for system accessibility. • The Federal Student Aid DPAs will be required to review their list of users who access Federal Student Aid systems and confirm that each individual continues to be a valid user. This will be done on a periodic basis.

30. “Active Confirmation” Process The DPA Roster • Placed in all “Primary” TG Number mailboxes • Provided a list of employees that currently possess TG numbers • Requires validation or deletion of TG Numbers assigned to your organization in the SAIG Enrollment Web site The FAA Roster • Placed in mailboxes of Primary TG Numbers of organizations • Provided a list of employees at your organization who are currently enrolled for access to FAA Access to CPS Online services • Requires validation or deletion of FAA Users assigned to your organization in the SAIG Enrollment Web site

31. FAA Access to CPS Online

32. FAA Access to CPS Online Login Enhance current state of access to limit use of Personal Identifying Information (PII) • New FAA Access to CPS Online Login • First Time Registration • Self Service Password Reset • Implementation Schedule

33. Current FSA Web Enroll Site Login Currently: Enter SSN and DOB on the login page to access the Student Aid Internet WebEnroll Site

34. Current FAA Access to CPS Online Login Currently: Enter SSN, first 2 letters of last name, DOB, and PIN on the FAA Access to CPS Online login page to access the application

35. New FAA Access to CPS Online Login FAA Access to CPS Online Registration link can be accessed from the FAA Access Login page

36. FSA SA Registration – Confirm Identity Confirm your identity by entering the FSA provided Unique Identifier

37. SA Registration - E-mail Address Confirm or update your current Email address Your name retrieved from SAIG Participation Management System cannot be updated

38. SA Registration - Select a Password Select a password and choose any three Challenge Response Questions and provide answers These questions will be used to reset your password

39. SA Registration – Confirm Role Confirm the Role retrieved from SAIG Participation Management enrollment system

40. SA Registration - Confirmation Confirm the registration information

41. SA Registration - Acknowledgement System confirms successful Registration You will receive your User ID in the email

42. Forgot Password If you forget your password, the “Forgot Password” link can be used to reset your password. This link is located on the Login Page.

43. Forgot Password Provide your User ID to retrieve your challenge questions

44. Answer Challenge Question You will be prompted to answer one of the Challenge Response Questions to confirm your identity

45. Enter New Password Provide a new password - this will replace your old password

46. New Password Confirmation Your password has been changed

47. FAA Access to CPS Online Login fafsa.ed.gov/FOTWWebApp/faa/faa.jsp Enter User ID and password on the FAA Access to CPS Online Login page to access the application

48. Password Policies • Password Policy • Expires every 90 days • Complex alpha-numeric passwords • Answer challenge questions to reset password • Password Lockout • 3 unsuccessful login attempts • Can still use “Forgot Password” application • Login disabled for 30 minutes

49. Questions?

50. Contact Information We appreciate your feedback and comments. We can be reached at: • james.mcmahon@ed.gov • ganesh.reddy@ed.gov