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UNIT 1.7 Nuclear Chemistry

UNIT 1.7 Nuclear Chemistry. Radioactivity OBJECTIVES: Explain how radioactivity was discovered. Compare and contrast the three main types of radioactive emission (alpha, beta, and gamma). Antoine Henri Becquerel (1896) Studying ability of uranium salts

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UNIT 1.7 Nuclear Chemistry

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  1. UNIT 1.7 Nuclear Chemistry

  2. Radioactivity OBJECTIVES: Explain how radioactivity was discovered. Compare and contrast the three main types of radioactive emission (alpha, beta, and gamma).

  3. Antoine Henri Becquerel (1896) Studying ability of uranium salts exposed to sunlight to fog photographic plates Accidentally discovered that uranium saltsstill fogged photographic plates when not exposed to sunlight Marie and Pierre Curie concluded that rays emitted by uranium atoms caused fogging of the plates Radioactivity

  4. Radiation-penetrating rays and particles emitted by a radioactive source Radiation from these minerals later shown to be separable by electric (and magnetic) fields into 3 types  Radioactivity What can be inferred from how the rays are separated? Lead block Radioactive source Electric field

  5. Radioactivity RADIOACTIVE DECAY: The spontaneous disintegration of a nucleus into a slightly lighter and more stable nucleus, accompanied by emission of particles, electromagnetic radiation, or both UNSTABLE NUCLIDES: All nuclides beyond atomic # 83 are unstable and radioactive

  6. Types of Radioactive Decay Alpha Emission • Alpha particle (α) is a helium nucleus, so it has a 2+ charge. • Alpha emission is restricted almost entirely to very large nuclei, such as those found in heavy metals

  7. Alpha Emission

  8. Alpha Emission

  9. Types of Radioactive Decay Beta Emission • Beta particle (β, e-) is an electron emitted from the nucleus during nuclear decay • Beta particles are emitted when a neutron is converted into a proton

  10. Beta Emission

  11. Beta Emission

  12. Types of Radioactive Decay Gamma Emission • Gamma rays (g) are high-energy electromagnetic waves emitted from a nucleus as it changes from an excited to a ground energy state • Gamma rays are produced when nuclear particles undergo transitions in energy levels • Gamma emission usually follows other types of decay that leave the nucleus in an excited state

  13. Gamma Emission

  14. Gamma Emission

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