The Endocrine System

1. The Endocrine System

2. Ground Rules Respect what other people say; no put-downs Be sensitive to other people’s feelings Not answering a question is all right Respect other people’s differences, family values, and traditions Keep discussions and questions away from a personal level – No individual stories; no names Keep confidential all comments made by students Remember that questions are not ‘dumb’ Use scientific terms – no slang Remember all rules of classroom behavior Raise hand to ask question or respond Submit questions of true concern to the teacher at the end of class (Question box) NO SIDE CONVERSATIONS

3. The Endocrine System I. Endocrine Glands A. “Ductless” Glands B. Pass their secretions directly into the bloodstream II. Hormones A. “Chemical Messengers” B. Regulate chemical reactions in the body, bodily functions

4. The Endocrine System III. Thyroid Gland A. Located at the base of the neck, just below the Larynx B. Hormone – Thyroxin C. Controls metabolism D. Too little thyroxin may lead to sluggishness, weight gain E. Too much thyroxin may lead to hyperactivity, increased appetite, no weight gain

5. The Endocrine System VI. Parathyroid Gland A. Four small pea-shaped glands on the backside of the Thyroid B. Hormone – parahormone specific to the balance of calcium

6. The Endocrine System V. Adrenal Glands A. Located on top of the kidneys B. Hormone – Adrenaline C. “glands of combat” - fight or flight response D. Controls body’s reaction to stress – increase sugar levels/energy E. Also controls levels of salt and water in the body

7. The Endocrine System VI. Islets of Langerhans A. Located throughout the Pancreas B. Hormone – Insulin C. Regulates amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood D. If gland does not operate correctly - Diabetes

8. The Endocrine System VII. Thymus Gland A. Located behind top of sternum (breast bone) B. Hormones – Thymosin, Thymopoietin C. Important in the normal development of the immune response D. Large in infants and children; begins to shrink by adolescence and adulthood.

9. The Endocrine System VIII. Ovaries – Female only – inactive until puberty A. Two glands in pelvic region B. Hormones - Estrogen, Progesterone C. Primary function as an organ to store ovum D. Estrogen controls female characteristics – development of breasts, widening of pelvic bones, menstruation E. Progesterone secreted during pregnancy

10. The Endocrine System IX. Testicles/Testes – Male only – inactive until Puberty A. Two glands in scrotum B. Hormone – Testosterone C. Primary function as an organ to produce sperm D. Testosterone controls male characteristics – growth of body hair, widening of shoulders, muscle development, enlargement of larynx (Adam’s Apple) and deepening of voice

11. The Endocrine System X. Pineal Gland A. Located in the brain B. Hormone - Melatonin C. Regulates sleep, hibernation (animals), aging “sociological” or “biological clock

12. The Endocrine System XI. Hypothalamus A. Located in the brain B. Controls many bodily functions including the release of hormones from the pituitary gland C. Regulates body temperature, thirst, and hunger D. Site of emotions and the effect emotions can have on the body

13. The Endocrine System XII. Pituitary Gland A. Located at the base of the brain B. Hormone – Human Growth Hormone (HGH) C. Regulates body’s growth and development D. Also produces several other hormones E. Referred to as the “Master Gland” – controls the functioning of many other glands/organs – thyroid, adrenal, kidney