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Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY

English Constitutional Monarchy. Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY. Background (1215-1603). Magna Carta, 1215. King John I forced to accept it. CONTRACT between king & aristocracy . L imited the power of the king: Established basic legal rights.

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Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY

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  1. EnglishConstitutionalMonarchy Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY

  2. Background (1215-1603)

  3. Magna Carta, 1215 • King John I forced to accept it. • CONTRACT between king & aristocracy. • Limited the power of the king: • Established basic legal rights. • The king must ask for popular consent for taxes. • Jury trials

  4. Model Parliament, 1295 • First Parliament=military leaders & nobility • Established “power of the purse.”

  5. The Elizabethan“Bargain” • Parliament: • Taxes • Make laws • The Monarch: • Foreignpolicy.

  6. TheEarly Stuarts (1603-1649)

  7. The Stuart Monarchy

  8. James I [r. 1603-1625] James I’s speech to the House of Commons: I am surprised that my ancestors should ever be permitted such an institution to come into existence. I am a stranger, and found it here when I arrived, so that I am obliged to put up with what I cannot get rid of!

  9. James I [r. 1603-1625] • Wanted absolute power. • Alienated Parliament

  10. Gunpowder Plot, 1605 • Catholics try to kill King James I and the Protestant aristocracy. • Blow up the House of Lords. Guy Fawkes

  11. Occupy Wall Street

  12. Executions of the Gunpowder Plotters

  13. James I [r. 1603-1625] • Problems he faced: • Large royal debt. • He wasn’t English • Absolutist • Pro-Catholic • Parliament • He raised money without Parliament’s consent!

  14. King James Bible, 1611

  15. Charles I [r. 1625-1649] • Imposed uniformity by a church court. • Seen as too pro-Catholic

  16. Archbishop William Laud

  17. Charles I & Parliament • Needs money for war with Spain and France. • Parliament deny funds. • Dissolved Parliament • Forced “loans,” selling aristocratic titles, etc.

  18. Ship Money Assessments, 1636[per square mile] • A medieval tax for coastal cities for defense. • Applied them to inland counties as well.

  19. The Petition of Rights, 1628 • Charles I agreed: • No imprisonment without due cause. • No taxation without Parliament’s consent. • No putting soldiers in private homes. • No martial law during peacetime. • Charles signed it, ignored it, dissolved Parliament!

  20. The “Short” Parliament • “Short Parliament” • Charles dismisses them after 3 weeks. Charles I by Van Dyck (1633)

  21. The “Long” Parliament • In session from 1640 to 1660. • Laud executed. • Par. must be called every 3 yrs. • Par. can’t be adjourned without its own consent! • Charles tries to arrest 5 MPs unsuccessful • Charles heads north to form an army!

  22. The Civil War (1642-1649)

  23. Civil War (1642-1649) Royalists(Cavaliers) Parliamentarians(Roundheads) • House of Lords • N & W England • Aristocracy • Large landowners • Church officials • More rural • House of Commons • S & E England • Puritans • Merchants • Townspeople • More urban

  24. Oliver Cromwell [1599-1658] • Led Roundheads • Puritan • Closes pubs, theatres, gambling clubs, brothels, etc.

  25. The Battle of Naseby [re-enactment], 1645 • Charles I is defeated & handed over to Parliament.

  26. Regicide  Beheading of Charles I, 1649 • The vote by the Rump Parliament was 68-67.

  27. The Puritan Commonwealth [1649-1653] • Cromwell rules with Rump Parliament. • Constitutional Republic • Europe is appalled  other nations don’t recognize it.

  28. The Protectorate [1653-1660] • Tears up Constitution. • Declares martial law. • Military dictator. • Closes pubs, theatres, gambling clubs, brothels, etc. • Religious tolerance…except Catholics. • Kills 40% of all ethnic Irish!

  29. Cromwell—Lord Protector or King?? • Cromwell dies in 1658 and his son, Richard, takes over—weak--lasts two years.

  30. The Restoration (1660-1688) Parliament could no more exist without the Crown than the Crown without Parliament.This was the most important lesson of the English Civil War!

  31. King Charles II [r. 1660-1685] • Restored the theaters, pubs, & brothels • Favored religious toleration. • Secret Catholic sympathies. • Realized that he could not repeat the mistakes his father had made.

  32. King James II [r. 1685-1688] • Catholic • Appointed Catholics • Attacked Anglican control of education • Camped a army around London • Overruled Parliament • New Catholic wife has a baby boy…GASP! • Protestant Mary is out as heir.

  33. The GloriousRevolution 1688

  34. The “Glorious” Revolution: 1688 • Throne goes to James II’s daughter Mary [raised a Prot.] & her husband, William of Orange (Neth.). • Two champions of the Protestant cause.

  35. English Bill of Rights [1689] • Settled issues between King & Parliament. • Model for the U. S. Bill of Rights.

  36. English Bill of Rights [1689] • Main provisions: • The King could not suspend the operation of laws. • The King could not interfere with the ordinary course of justice. • No taxes levied or standard army maintained in peacetime without Parliament’s consent. • Freedom of speech in Parliament. • Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently. • Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and freedom from excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment. • The monarch must be a Protestant. • Freedom from arbitrary arrest. • Censorship of the press was dropped. • Religious toleration.

  37. The Seesaw of King & Parliament: 1603-1689

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