Energy statistics, balances and accounts, Concepts an overview

1. Energy statistics, balances and accounts, Concepts an overview Olav Ljones UNCEEA June 27, 2008

2. UN 1982 • Energy Balances • Energy Accounts • Idea: Put together all production, import, use and consumption, export, measured in one common measure unit. Stocks are inventories not reserves. • No clear distinction between accounts and balances. Accounts are linked to energy in National Accounts. • Reference to the first law on thermodynamics. • Not much is said about the difference between residence and territory principle • Energy commodity balance = balance for an individual energy source • Transport as a separate sector – is not discussed • Energy final use and intermediate energy demand) should be used when energy is transformed to other energy or in non energy production

3. Norwegian history • 1974. • Balancing tables for each commodity – Balance sheet of individual form of energy. • Combined for several energy commodities by conversion factors (Terajoule) -> Overall Energy Balance • 1980 • A clear distinction between territory and residence principle. Important for Norway since international sea transport was very important sector • Energy balance • Energy accounts include all use of energy by Norwegian NA sectors also abroad. • Reserve accounts for non renewable reserves, coal, crude oil and natural gas (Norway had discovered the oil and gas in the North sea. • 1987 An evaluation report of the high SN ambitions for resource accounting. Energy accounts and energy reserves. No comment on energy balances

4. IEA – Eurostat Manual 2005 • Commodity balances, in natural units, for each commodity • Energy Balances, by the use of conversion factors. Fuel conversion • No use of concept energy accounts. Not much is said about territory and residence principle • Nothing about reserves

5. Global assessment Energy Statistics and Balances, UN 2007 • Energy commodity balances • Overall energy balances • Energy accounts, may be in both money terms and physical units (not reserves)

6. UN 2008, Global assessement of energy accounts • Energy accounts • Energy asset accounts • Energy flow accounts (for each energy commodity ?) • Physical energy asset accounts’ • Monetary energy asset accounts • Physical energy flow accounts • Monetary flow accounts • In Q 55 Energy balances listed as a possible data source for energy flow accounts

7. SEEA-E, Draft Ch 1-4 • Asset accounts in physical and monetary units (stock accounts) • Supply and use tables for energy products in physical and monetary units (flow accounts) • Energy related air emission accounts • Hybrid accounts • Protection expenditure accounts and resource management accounts • Physical asset accounts • Monetary asset accounts • Physical flow accounts • Monetary flow accounts • Asset accounts for exploration and evaluation activities • Physical supply tables for energy products • Asset accounts for inventories of energy products

8. IRES • Energy balances • Energy accounts, bridge tables • Supply and use • Territory and residence principle • Production boundary • Energy sources, carriers, commodities • Renewable non renewable • Flows and stocks, reserves • Statistical units – population of units • Final use, consumption • Units of measurement, Conversion factors

9. Some observations • Reserves/resources vs production, use/consumption etc • Territory and residence principle • Accounts (incl balances), in three different units, tons mone and energy unit • For each energy commodity and for all energy sources togheter • The use of term “accounts” and the term statistics