1 / 34

Occupational Health

Occupational Health. Dr. Pracheth R, Assistant Professor, Community Medicine. Introduction. Prevention of disease Maintain well-being Earlier: industrial health All types: agriculture. Ergonomics. Fitting job to worker Mutual adjustment of man and work

virgilio
Download Presentation

Occupational Health

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Occupational Health Dr. Pracheth R, Assistant Professor, Community Medicine

  2. Introduction • Prevention of disease • Maintain well-being • Earlier: industrial health • All types: agriculture

  3. Ergonomics • Fitting job to worker • Mutual adjustment of man and work • Improve human efficiency, well-being • Interaction in working environment: • Man and agents • Man and machine • Man and man

  4. Occupational hazards • Physical hazards: • Heat and cold: • Burns, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, cramps • Chillblains, frost bite • Light: • Poor lighting: eye strain, headache, eye pain, Miner’s nystagmus • Brightness: discomfort, fatigue

  5. Heat stroke

  6. Heat exhaustion

  7. Heat syncope

  8. Chillblains

  9. Frost bite

  10. Miner’s nystagmus

  11. Noise • Auditory effects: temporary or permanent hearing loss • Non-auditory effects: nervousness, fatigue, interference with speech, decreased efficiency

  12. Vibration • Range: 10-500 Hz- drills, hammers • Affect hands, arms • Blood vessels: sensitive-white fingers

  13. UV radiation • Welding • Intense conjunctivitis, keratitis (Welder’s Flash)

  14. Ionizing radiation • X-rays, radio-active isotopes • Genetic changes, malformation, cancer, leukaemia, ulceration

  15. Chemical hazards • Local action: dermatitis, eczema, ulcers, cancer-primary irritant action

  16. Inhalation • Dusts: • Size: 0.1 to 150 microns • Released to atmosphere: crushing, grinding • Smaller than 5 microns: dust • Soluble dusts: circulation- eliminated • Insoluble: permanent in lungs- pneumoconiosis: silicosis, anthracosis

  17. Continued….. • Gases: • Simple : oxygen, hydrogen • Asphyxiating: carbon monoxide, cyanide • Metals and other compounds: • Lead, arsenic, cadmium • Effects depend on duration, dose

  18. Ingestion • Lead, mercury, arsenic • These: swallowed in minute amounts: contaminated hands, food • Much: excreted, small: circulation

  19. Continued…. • Biological: Leptospirosis, anthrax, brucellosis, tetanus • Mechanical hazards: machines: accidents • Psychosocial hazards: • Failure to adapt • Insecurity, poor human relationships • Anxiety, depression, aggressiveness • Fatigue, headache, peptic ulcer, hypertension

  20. Occupational diseases classification • Physical agents: • Heat: hyperpyrexia, exhaustion, syncope, cramps, burns • Cold: trench foot, frost bite, chillblains • Light: occupational cataract, miner’s nystagmus • Noise: occupational deafness • Radiation: cancer, leukaemia • Mechanical: accidents, injuries • Electricity: burns

  21. Continued…. • Chemical agents: • Gases: CO2, CO, HCN, CS2 • Dusts: • Inorganic: Coal dust: anthracosis Silica: silicosis Asbestos: asbestosis Iron: siderosis

  22. Continued…. • Organic (vegetable) dusts: Cane fibre: bagassosis Cotton dust: byssinosis Tobacco: tobaccosis Hay or grain dust: farmer’s lung • Metals: lead, mercury, cadmium, manganese • Chemicals: acids, alkalies, pesticides

  23. Continued…. • Biological agents: brucellosis, leptospirosis, tetanus • Occupational cancers: skin, lungs, bladder • Dermatosis: dermatitis, eczema • Psychological origin: industrial neurosis, hypertension, peptic ulcer.

  24. Occupational hazards: agricultural workers • Zoonotic diseases: leptospirosis, tetanus, tuberculosis, brucellosis • Accidents: machinery, insect, snake bites • Toxic hazards: chemicals: fertilizers, pesticides • Physical: temperature, humidity • Respiratory diseases: dusts: grains, rice, tobacco: byssinosis, bagassosis, farmer’s lung, occupational asthma

  25. Occupational dermatitis • Physical: heat, cold, moisture, pressure • Chemical: acids, alkalies, dyes • Biological: viruses, bacteria, fungi • Plant products: leaves, vegetables, fruits, flowers

  26. Prevention • Pre-selection • Protection: leather gloves, aprons, boots • Personal hygiene: washing facilities • Periodic inspection

  27. Occupational cancer • Skin cancer: • Coal tar, x-rays • Nearly 75%: skin • Gas workers, dye makers, road makers • Lung cancer: • Gas, asbestos, mining of uranium • 9/10th : tobacco, air pollution, occupational exposure

  28. Continued….. • Cancer bladder: • Aniline, rubber, dye, electric cables • Beta-naphthylamines • Leukaemia: • Benzol, X-rays, radio-active substances

  29. Characteristics of occupational cancer • Prolonged exposure • Period: 10-25 years • Even after stoppage of exposure • Average age earlier

  30. Control • Elimination carcinogens: well-designed building, closed system • Medical examination • Inspection of factories • Notification • Licensing • Personal hygeine • Education • Reseach

  31. Radiation hazards • Radium: watches, paints, mining, medicine • Infrared: welding, glass • Effects: • Burns, dermatitis, chronic: cancer • Lung cancer: uranium miners-inhale radio-active dust

  32. Preventive measures • Inhalation, swallowing, direct contact avoided • X-rays: shielding • Monitored periodically: film badge/pocket electrometer • Ventilation of work-place • Periodic examination workers-2 months • Pregnant women not allowed to work

  33. Summary

  34. Thanks

More Related