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The Organization of Living Things

This chapter discusses the levels of organization in living things, including the differentiation of cells, formation of tissues, organs, and organ systems. It explains the characteristics and benefits of unicellular and multicellular organisms.

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The Organization of Living Things

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  1. The Organization of Living Things Chapter 4 Section 3

  2. Key Concept • As multicellular organisms develop, their cells differentiate (change & separate) and form levels of organization • Why it Matters: so Humans (we are multicellular) can have different kinds of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems

  3. Unicellular Organisms • “uni-” = one • Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms • Some algae, some protists, and some eukaryotes (yeasts), are unicellular • Can still do everything they need to stay alive • Benefits over multicellular organisms: • Need fewer resources • Can live in harsher conditions

  4. Multicellular Organisms • “multi-” = more than one • Plants, animals, some protists, and most fungi are multicellular • Start as a single cell  many cells  cells differentiate (change) into different types of cells  cells group together

  5. Multicellular Characteristics • Larger size = have less predators and have more options of things to eat • Longer life – organism will continue to live even if a single celldies • Specialization – each type of cell has a specific job, making the organism more efficient

  6. Levels of Organization • 1st Level: Cells • 2nd Level: Tissues • 3rd Level: Organs • 4th Level: Organ Systems • Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ Systems

  7. Level 1 : Cells • Cells can be specialized (have a certain function) • Function = job • Function is related to the cell structure • Structure = how parts of the cell are put together • Shape • Material it’s made from • Structure of a brain cell is different from muscle cell

  8. Level 2: Tissues • Tissue = group of cells that work together to do a specific job • Ex: Heart muscle tissue is made of heart muscle cells • Animals have 4 types of tissue: nerve, muscle, connective, protective • Plants have 3 types of tissue : transport, protective, ground

  9. Level 3: Organs • Organ = structure that is made up of 2 or more tissues working together to get a specific jobdone • Ex: Stomach – muscle tissue moves food, special tissues make chemicals to digest food, connective tissue holds stomach together, nervous tissue sends messages back and forth between the stomach and brain

  10. Level 4: Organ Systems • Organ system = group of organs working together to perform a specific function • Each organ system has a specific job • Ex: Digestive system is made of several organs including the stomach and intestines

  11. Structure of Animals Cells -basic unit of an animal’s structure -become specialized _______________________________ Tissues -made of cells that work together to perform a specific function __________________________________________ Organs -made of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function ____________________________________________________ Organ Systems -made of organs that work together to perform a specific function _____________________________________________________________ Organisms

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