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THE CHALLENGE OF PV TECHNOLOGIES

THE CHALLENGE OF PV TECHNOLOGIES. Thomas Berger Wenzel Fiala Hannes List. Physics of solar cells. Technologies of solar cells. Silicon solar cell Monocrystalline silicon Poly- or multicrystalline silicon Ribbon silicon Silicon thin-films amorphous silicon protocrystalline silicon

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THE CHALLENGE OF PV TECHNOLOGIES

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  1. THE CHALLENGE OF PV TECHNOLOGIES Thomas Berger Wenzel Fiala Hannes List

  2. Physics of solar cells

  3. Technologies of solar cells Silicon solar cell • Monocrystalline silicon • Poly- or multicrystalline silicon • Ribbon silicon Silicon thin-films • amorphous silicon • protocrystalline silicon • nanocrystalline silicon

  4. Technologies of solar cells Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) • Thin-film, easy to deposit, large scale production Copper-Indium Selenide (CuInSe2) • Thin film, high optical absorption coefficients Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) Multijunction • Multiple thin films, Triple-junction cell, each conductor absorb light most efficiently at a certain colour, absorp nearly the entire solar spectrum

  5. Technologies of solar cells Single Crystal Solar Cell • high-purity material, excellent efficiencies and long-term stability, too expensive for mass production Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) • manufactured by screen printing, lowest-cost solar cell Organic/Polymer Solar Cells • Low efficiency, mechanical flexibility Nanocrystalline Solar Cells • high surface area to increase internal reflections and hence increase the probability of light absorption

  6. Current use of PV-Technologies • Low power applications/solar chargers • Solar parks/power plants • Water pumping • Space applications • And many, many more

  7. Efficiency in current PV-Technologies • Currently efficiencies of solar cells – maximum 20 % • In research labs they reach already 35 % and more • Theoretical calculations of up to 80 % in the future

  8. The future of PV-Technologies Many research groups in universities and research institutions around the world are currently active in the field of photovoltaics. This research can be divided into three areas: • Making current technology solar cells cheaper and/or more efficient • Developing new technologies • Developingnewmaterials

  9. Photovoltaic in Austria

  10. Photovoltaic in Austria Funded since the mid-1980s First program in 1992 („200 kW-photovoltaic-broadtest“) Today Vorarlberg has more than 1/3 of Austrians PV-Powerplants

  11. Photovoltaic in Austria Installed performance: Accumulated performance:

  12. Photovoltaic in Austria • Till the end of 2006, 25.5 MWp has been installed • Of this amount, 88% were run by grid-connection, 12 % autarchically • There is an estimated amount of approximately 20 GWh/year PV-power in Austria

  13. Photovoltaic in Austria • Costs: • 49 Cents for plants < 5kW • 42 Cents for plants between 5-10 kW • 32 Cents for plants > 10 kW

  14. Photovoltaic in Austria 20% scenario in Austria till 2050

  15. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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