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Research Update Cierra Hall April 22 th , 2010

BioE 398 - Undergraduate Research Advisors: Dr. Andreas A. Linninger, Eric Lueshen Laboratory for Product and Process Design Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois, Chicago, IL. Research Update Cierra Hall April 22 th , 2010. The Rat as a model for drug distribution. Images:

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Research Update Cierra Hall April 22 th , 2010

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  1. BioE 398 - Undergraduate Research Advisors: Dr. Andreas A. Linninger, Eric Lueshen Laboratory for Product and Process Design Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois, Chicago, IL Research UpdateCierra HallApril 22th, 2010

  2. The Rat as a model for drug distribution Images: http://sgwizdak.deviantart.com/art/Pill-17346046 and http://images.google.com/

  3. Semester Goal Accounting: • Steady state blood flow model – 100% • Dynamic drug transport model – 95% • Application – 95% • Systemic • Generic drug, or • Specific drug • Semester Report – 75%

  4. New Models: Juvenile and Aged Rats Physiological Differences: Overview 1. Delp, Michael D., Mariana V. Evans, and Changping Duan. "Effects of Aging on Cardiac Output, Regional Blood Flow, and Body Composition in Fischer-344 Rats." Journal of Applied Physiology (1998): 1813-822. Print.

  5. Juvenile Rats • Higher systemic resistance • Lower stroke volume • Lower cardiac output • Higher % mass brain/spinal tissue, myocardium, kidney, liver, and skeletal muscle tissue than in adult and aged adult rats

  6. Adult and Aged Adult Rats: • Lower % mass brain/spinal tissue, myocardium, kidney, liver, and skeletal muscle tissue than in juvenile rats • In the skeleton, brain, spinal cord, heart, kidneys, liver and splanchnic tissues the proportion of body mass and fractional cardiac output to these tissues is relatively the same with increasing age.

  7. Adult and Aged Adult Rats Cont. • % body mass of skin decreased along with cardiac output to these tissues. • Aged rats had less % body mass of skeletal muscle but ~same perfusion. • Male reproductive organs maintain ~same % body mass but receive less fractional cardiac output

  8. All Rat Age Groups: • Body weight increased as a function of age • Cardiac output and stroke volume increased as a function of age • Heart rate and mean arterial pressure approximately the same • Fat pads as % body mass increased with age along with corresponding fractional cardiac output to these tissues.

  9. Generating α via Cardiac Output GivenP over branch and flow rate F, calculate α P = α * F • Example: • Pressure drops over an artery/organ/vein section from 104 mmHg to 12 mmHG • Find P = 104 – 12 = 92 mm HG • Know flow rate F = 6.66 ml/min (.00666 L/min) 1 • α =P / F = 92/.00666 = 13813.814 mmHG * L/min 1. Delp, Michael D., Mariana V. Evans, and Changping Duan. "Effects of Aging on Cardiac Output, Regional Blood Flow, and Body Composition in Fischer-344 Rats." Journal of Applied Physiology (1998): 1813-822. Print.

  10. Network Vasculature Simulations Vasculature Software Visualization Juvenile Rat: Physiological Parameters of Note: • Cardiac Index: 275 +/- 22 ml/(min*kg) • Stroke Volume: 130 +/- 11 ul/beat • Systemic Resistance: 2.3 +/- 0.2 mmHg*min/ml • Adipose • 5.1 +/- 0.8 % cardiac output • 8.2 +/0.4 % body mass

  11. Network Vasculature Simulations Vasculature Software Visualization Adult Rat: Physiological Parameters of Note: • Cardiac Index: 281 +/- 14 ml/(min*kg) • Stroke Volume: 269 +/- 15 ul/beat • Systemic Resistance:1.1+/- 0.1 mmHg*min/ml • Adipose • 8.2 +/- 0.4 % cardiac output • 11.2 +/0.3 % body mass

  12. Network Vasculature Simulations Vasculature Software Visualization Aged Rat: Physiological Parameters of Note: • Cardiac Index: 273 +/- 17 ml/(min*kg) • Stroke Volume: 309 +/- 19 ul/beat • Systemic Resistance:1.0 +/- 0.1mmHg*min/ml • Adipose • 11.3+/- 1.3 % cardiac output • 15.2 +/1.0 % body mass

  13. Review: Numerical Methods • Purpose: • obtaining numerical solutions of time-dependent ordinary and partial differential equations Given: General Explicit Euler: Generic Implicit Euler: http://www.physics.udel.edu/~jim/Ordinary%20Differential%20Equations/Euler%20Method.pdf http://www.physics.udel.edu/~jim/Ordinary%20Differential%20Equations/The%20Implicit%20Euler%20Method.pdf

  14. Stability of Implicit/Explicit Euler • Implicit and Explicit Euler: stable as long as x is small enough • Implicit method generally more stable and more suited to solving stiff equations Here t = 0.1 http://www.physics.udel.edu/~jim/Ordinary%20Differential%20Equations/The%20Implicit%20Euler%20Method.pdf

  15. Error Analysis Conservation of Mass with Implicit Euler Solver This automatically estimates the massbalance error for implicit Euler method for ANY solvable system ofODE`s for the drug injection model

  16. What’s Next? Finish semester report, dynamic simulations Questions?

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