National Workshop on

1. National Workshop on Sustainability of ODF Outcomes YASHADA, Pune May 16, 2018

2. Learnings from NBA Only 9% of 2603 NGP awardees ODF Source : Rapid assessment 2603 NGP winners in 2013, WSP

3. NEED FOR OPERATIONALIZING SUSTAINABILITY MEASURES May 2017 83% sanitation coverage 385ODF districts 300 districts

4. Journey of SBM(G) towards Sustainability • Release of verification guidelines, Sep 3, 2015 • ODF Verification Workshop, Jaipur, Aug 22, 2016 • ODF Sustainability workshop, New Delhi, Nov 22, 2016 • Release of sustainability guidelines, Dec 15, 2016 • National consultation on ODF-S, Dec 19, 2017 • Advisory on ODF Sustainability interventions, Feb 20, 2018 • ODF-S as part of AIP, March 2018 Protocol for operationalizing ODF – sustainability

5. Need for ODF-S Protocol Need retrofitting: • 38.9 lakh single pits since 2017 • 18.9 lakh septic tanks since 2017 Need to move to IHHLs: 5.9 lakh HHs accessshared toilets since 2014 Need to empty/service: ~ 58 lakh IHHLs built in 2014 --- are 3 years old

6. Need for ODF-S Protocol Managerial: • 73,517* ODF villages are due for first verification • Slippages aren’t captured Behavioural: QCI survey: 91% with access to a toilet, use it 9% (~48 lakh) DO NOT?

7. Beyond ODF ODF No visible faeces found in the environment/village; Every household uses safe technology option for disposal of faeces ODF-S Safe disposal of human excreta is sustained post attainment of ODF status; Handwashing and Personal hygiene ODF + SLRM and MHM

8. ODF-S Efforts at States • Punjab urges people to report cases of open defecation • Community toilets, bio-gas plant, waste segregation make Chinnanur a model of ODF-S • Voting would help identify individuals who do not use toilets in Andhra • In Maharashtra, the good morning squad motivates people; imposes fines on those who fail to use toilets • NSS students from technical, non-technical and social sciences backgrounds came out enthusiastically to support SBM campaign in Madhya Pradesh • ODF Verification Pakhwadas in Jharkhand • Bihar has weekly swachhtaadalat or community court to check those who continue to defecate in the open, despite having toilets. • 85,000 students vote on sanitation levels in Ahmedabad , Gujarat • Bal SwachhataRaths monitor quality of toilets in schools and anganwadis in Uttar Pradesh

9. SAFE SANITATION AND PREVENT SLIPPAGE B. Management A. Sanitation Infrastructure Retrofitting O&M Upgrades IEC Usage, child excreta, hygiene Pit emptying Bathrooms Single pits Capacity Building Departments, GPs, frontline workers Repairs Accessibility Septic tanks without soak pits Financing Credit linkage, Pvt. Sector FSM Aspirational Incorrect construction Slip-backs, technology course correction Monitoring Staffing, ToRs Human Resources Skill building, credit, Pvt Sector KRCs, Dev. partners, other govt. depts., Pvt. sector Partnerships

10. ODF-S action items at State level

11. ODF-S action items at State level – contd.

12. ODF-S deliverable at GP level

13. Thank you

14. Personalization = Ownership

15. Distance between pits too low; this allows water from one pit to seep into the other; min distance between pits is 3ft Photo Credit: Shrikant M. Navrekar

16. Pit is too deep; ideal depth of circular pit is 4ft; if black soil, can dig up to one additional foot Photo Credit: Shrikant M. Navrekar

17. Water source too close to the toilet; water from pit leaches into nearby ground and contaminates the surrounding ground water source; ideal distance to be maintained is more than 10ft Photo Credit: Shrikant M. Navrekar

18. Pipe connecting toilet pan and pit has a bend; connecting pipes must be straight, have the required gradient and have no bends; Photo Credit: Shrikant M. Navrekar

19. Excessive spacing; spaces in the pit are for easy passage of gases and water; excessive holes allow fecal matter to leach as well Photo Credit: Shrikant M. Navrekar

20. Single pit; there is no scope for change over to another pit when full; once full people tend to stop using the toilet and start defecating in the open Photo Credit: Shrikant M. Navrekar

21. Vent pipe from pit; vent pipe allows passage of gases; in twin pit, gases pass into soil and so no need for a vent; vent pipe will make surroundings smell and if not covered will attract flies into the pit. Photo Credit: Shrikant M. Navrekar

22. Need for financing Household not included in the 2011 survey, new households, households with dysfunctional toilets - any household not eligible for the incentive 1 2 For households eligible for the incentive: Initial bridge funding until incentive is released post construction, additional funding to build bathing facilities, water storage and better quality toilets 3 Financing for SMEs, sanitation marts, entrepreneurs involved in infrastructure creation for water, sanitation, SLWM, FSM Credit: Water.org

23. Enabling policy landscape and progress In 2015, RBI declared household water and sanitation infrastructure as a category under priority sector (PSL) for banks and RRBs under a new category ‘social infrastructure’; Toilet construction included as a category for which SHGs linked to the NRLM/SRLMs can avail loans 1% of current PSL portfolio of banks can release around Rs. 25,000 to Rs. 30,000 crores – around 1.7 crore toilets; 1% of PSL portfolio of RRBs can release Rs. 1,175 crores of credit – around 8 lakh toilets Over 12 lakh loans (Rs. 1700 crores) have already been extended, by banks directly or with the help of last mile partners. These include SHGs/State Rural Livelihood Missions (SRLMs), Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) and Banks. Credit: Water.org

24. Products and loan terms MSMEs, Entrepreneurs, Marts Toilets – new and refurbishing with/without bath Water filters, Rain Water Harvesting system Home pipe water connections, storage tanks • Collateral: No collateral; loans typically made under JLG/SHG for households • Interest rate: from 10% by Banks to 16-22% through MFIs and SHGs • Typical tenure: 12 to 24 months; weekly/fortnightly/monthly repayment for household loans • Monitoring: visits to ascertain that the asset has been built in case of household loan • ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. • Exceptional credit quality: Consistent 99%+ repayment rates • Income and life enhancing: Time savings, increased privacy, enhanced safety, reduced expenditure on healthcare and an improved quality of life – improve the overall lending portfolio quality • Client profile: 97% of the borrowers for household water and sanitation loans are women Credit: Water.org

25. Channels available for accessing loans On-lending • Household • MFI Bulk loans (large ticket sizes; for on-lending to final beneficiary) • Entrepreneur/ SMEs/Marts • Banks and RRBs • Existing SHG/ JLG group On-lending • SHG/ JLG Member • Beneficiary Individual loans (small ticket sizes of Rs. 15,000 – Rs. 20,000 per borrower) (directly or through SRLMs, payment banks, BCs, small finance banks) Credit: Water.org

26. Prime Opportunity: Lending through SHGs • Distinct loan product under PSL guidelines for Water and Sanitation • Recommended that Banks lend towards water and sanitation through SHG linkage – easy to implement and scale • Can be extended as second-cycle loans, after a first cycle of income generating loans • Can be advanced as a combo loan along with income-generation loans, as they are income-enhancing • Potential partners: SHG federations, SHG apex organizations, SRLMs SRLM/SHG federation/SHPI recommends SHGs to banks SHGs may add 2-3% markup for group structure and insurance and lend at 15-18% p.a. Lend to Members SHGs Banks/RRBs Bank lends money to the SHGs at 10-12% p.a. Post construction of facility, may/may not receive incentive from Government Utilities/SMEs create access to toilets/water connections etc. Credit: Water.org

27. Banks that provided water-sanitation loans through SHG linkages • KalpatharuGrameen Bank • Karnataka Bank • Maharashtra Grameen Bank • NagarjunaGrameen Bank • Punjab National Bank • State Bank of Hyderabad • State Bank of India • State Bank of Mysore • State Bank of Travancore • Syndicate Bank • Union Bank of India • United Bank of India • Vijaya Bank • Allahabad Bank • Andhra Bank • Andhra Pradesh GrameenVikas Bank • Baitarani Gramya Bank • Bank of India • Bank of Maharashtra • Canara Bank • Corporation Bank • ICICI Bank • Indian Bank • Indian Overseas Bank

28. Social Audit • Social audit as a tool for transparency Eg: Andhra Pradesh established and autonomous body under the name of Society for Social Audit, Accountability and Transparency (SSAAT) which is responsible for facilitating conduct of social audit by the rural poor.

29. Sanitation InfrastructureRetrofitting Poorly constructed superstructure and substructure that will discourage use and/or cause environmental damage • Retrofit plan by district • Assessment of toilet infrastructure • Single pits to Twin Pits • Septic tanks without baffle walls connected to soak pits • Incomplete superstructures to completion • Fixing improper junction boxes • Distance between water source and pit

30. Sanitation InfrastructureO&M • Ensuring maintenance of toilets public, community and institutional toilets • Enabling households to upkeep necessary maintenance on a regular basis • Action items: • O&M protocol for public, community and institutional toilets with responsibility mapping – incl Water and Electricity • Procure technology-driven pit emptying equipment, eg: gulper, to be rented/borrowed by households when needed • Protocol for pit emptying by household/agency Vendor empanelment at district level

31. Sanitation InfrastructureUpgrades Providing environment for households to improve their infrastructure and aspire • Action items: • Credit linkage for repairs, constructing bathrooms • Familiarising with toilet typologies for various disabilities

32. ManagementIEC Post ODF IEC manual focusing on continued usage of toilets and maintenance by household • Action items: • Focus on Child Excreta Management • Demystification about use of manure & pit emptying in the form of training, demonstrations and field trials on farms • Identifying private service vendors for FSM • KRC/NGO mapping for IEC, calendar for each GP • Inform on correct cleaning material for pit toilets, method of cleaning and emptying

33. ManagementCapacity Building Focusing on creating a village level resource team for monitoring, technology correction, entrepreneurship for service provision • Action items: • Post ODF CB manual • Mapping of KRCs to each district with training calendar • Different modules for different stakeholders, training calendar, mobile academy, SwachhSangraha, etc • Training SHGs or unemployed youth in the process of pit emptying and commercializing of the manure • Retention of natural leaders through non-monetary methods, eg: radio talks, cross-visits, recognition

34. ManagementFinancing Conversions: single to twin, soak pits for septic tanks, crucial repairs Entrepreneurship: FSM, pit emptying Aspirational: bathrooms, tiles, washbasins Inclusion: Accessibility for the differently abled, aged, separate toilets for third gender in PT/CTs, etc. Water access • Some sources: • 14th Finance Commission supports septage management, SLWM • Establish credit linkage • Priority Sector lending • Aligning with programs like MSRLM, MAVIM or other micro finance and alternative banking projects • Options like NABARD or District Lead Bank

35. ManagementMonitoring • Usage and slippage • Precautionary and corrective measures to prevent environmental degradation • Unlawful pit/tank emptying • Action items: • Continued follow up by NigraniSamitis and Swachhagrahis • FSM vendor empanelment; Regulatory mechanism for sludge emptying by FSM service providers • Provision for septage treatment after desludging • Tracking conversion of single to twin, soak pits, etc • Social Audit

36. ManagementHuman Resources Focusing on institutional capacities required to sustain ODF outcomes at GP, block, district and State level • Action items: • Creating dedicated Block and Village sanitary inspector roles • Convergence with other depts. for monitoring ODF-S activities and pay increment • ODF-S as part of ACR for functionaries at all levels • Private Sector engagement for employment, CSR, entrepreneurship

37. ManagementPartnerships • Leveraging strengthsof other schemes and departments through convergence and engagement • KRCs: for third party verification, creating of training modules, trainings • Private sector for entrepreneurship and generating employment, eg: scrap dealers, engg colleges, rural marts • NRLM: Providing replacement supplies, toilet repairs, and pit-emptying services • SIRDs, NIRDs for green campus initiative • Dept of Agriculture: Creating market for compost, leveraging support from agriculture and fertilizer companies • Action items: • Develop ToRs, SoPs, SLAs on engagement of private sector • Encourage Social Entrepreneurship and One Stop Shop: for info, buying sanitary services, service center, O&M, upgrades, call center