Napoleon’s Rise to Power

1. Napoleon’s Rise to Power 1804 - 1807

2. The government of the Consulate • Council of State • Proposed the laws. • Served as a Cabinet & the highest court. • Tribunate • Debated laws, but did not vote on them. • Legislature • Voted on laws, but did not discuss or debate them. • Senate • Had the right to review and veto legislation.

3. Lycees System ofEducation • Established by Napoleon in 1801 as an educational reform. • Lycéesinitially enrolled the nation’s most talented students [they had to pay tuition, although there was some financial help available for poorer student]. • Lycées trained the nation’s future bureaucrats.

4. Ulm and Austerlitz -Berlin-Austria 1805: France   Britain Austria Russia(3rd Coalition) • ULM: France defeated Austria. • AUSTERLITZ: France defeated Austria & Russia.

5. Napoleons Major Military Battles • Austria/Prussia, Britain and Russia created what was called the third coalition. This coalition was set up to fight Napoleon when he marched his troops eastward. • Napoleon’s quick speed and fast pace allowed him to surprise the 3rd coalition military at Ulm. • He was able to get in behind their line of retreat and capture 60,000 prisoners while the battle was going on in the forefront. • When the 3rd coalition military retreated, Napoleon pursued them with fleet of foot.

6. Napoleons Major Military Battles • Napoleon pursued the 3rd coalitions army to Austerlitz. • Here he dealt the Austrian/Prussian, Britain and Russian army another huge blow by flanking them on both sides and thus attacking on a three prong front. • Napoleon was able to kill, capture or wound 30 percent of the Austrian/Prussian/Russian/British army.

7. SeaPower 1805: France   Britain Trafalgar(Admiral Horatio Nelson: Fr. Navy lost!) Trafalgar

8. Battle of Trafalgar

9. Napoleon’s Major Campaign • For the second time Napoleon tried to defeat the British at sea. • He sent his navy to Trafalgar, just west of Spain, to attack the British Fleet. • There he meet, for the second time, Admiral Horatio Nelson. • Like before at the Nile, Admiral Nelson annihilated the French navy. • After this second humiliating loss, Napoleon choose to keep his battles on Continental Europe.

10. “Crossing the Alps,” 1805 Paul Delaroche

11. Jena Confed.of theRhine 1806: France   Prussia JENA: French Troops in Berlin! BERLIN DECREES is created(“Continental System”) 4th Coalition created

12. Jena • In 1806 Napoleon took his military across the Appalachian Mountain’s and into Jena (located in now-a-day Germany). • Here a new coalition army was waiting for him, the 4th coalition – it was mostly made up of Prussians, Austrians and Russians with a few extra smaller satellite states. • It was to no avail, the 4th coalition was still fighting like a military from the 18th century (1700’s) and Napoleon’s shock tactics help lead to another victory in Europe.

13. Jena • The result of the victory at Jena led to the continental system. • GOAL to isolate Britain and promote Napoleon’s mastery over Europe. • Berlin Decrees (1806) • British ships were not allowed in European ports. • Order in Council(1806) • British proclaimed any ship trying to get to Continental Europe would be seized by the British Navy when it tried to enter the continent of Europe. • Milan Decree (1807) • Napoleon proclaimed any ship stopping in Britain would be seized when it entered the Continent. • These edicts eventually led to the United States declaring war on Britain and attacked Canada  WAR OF 1812.

14. The Continental System

15. Friedland Poland 1806: France   Russia FRIEDLAND: France defeated Russian troops : France occupied Konigsberg, capital of East Prussia!

16. Napoleon’s Major Military Campaigns • France went head to head with Russia to occupy Polish territory. • Russia alone could not defeat Napoleon’s grand army and lost. • By the end of 1806, Napoleon had complete domination of Europe. • He conquered and ruled Europe from the western banks of France, to the edges of the Prussian-Russian borders.