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The Crusades

The Crusades. Motivations. Alexius I ( Byz . Emperor) Manzikert 1071 Lost territory (tax) Pope Urban II Violence Political ambition Reunite Churches Control all Christians. The First Crusade. The Call of Pope Urban II The Council of Clermont Reading….. Muslim control of Jerusalem

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The Crusades

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  1. The Crusades

  2. Motivations • Alexius I (Byz. Emperor) • Manzikert 1071 • Lost territory (tax) • Pope Urban II • Violence • Political ambition • Reunite Churches • Control all Christians

  3. The First Crusade • The Call of Pope Urban II • The Council of Clermont • Reading….. • Muslim control of Jerusalem • Since the 7thCentury why now?

  4. The leadership • Bohemond the Norman and Tancred • Earlier attacks on Constantinople • Godfrey of Bouillon (Lorraine) • Eventual King of Jerusalem • Brought his family (child born on Crusade)

  5. The Peasants or Peoples Crusade • Peter the Hermit • Preached to the common people • Left before Knights because of famine (plunder for 4 months on the way to the East) • Impact on reputation • The reaction of Alexius • In Asia (killed locals, raided Turkish cities and suburbs) • The end (Peter survives)

  6. Mistrust of the “Greeks” • “We recognized, then, that the Emperor had betrayed Peter the Hermit, who had long before come to Constantinople with a great multitude. For he compelled him, ignorant of the locality and of all military matters, to cross the Strait with his men and exposed them to the Turks. Moreover, when the Turks from Nicea saw that unwarlike multitude, they cut them down without effort and delay to the number of sixty thousand” • Raymond d'Aguiliers

  7. The arrival of the First Crusade • Spring 1097: As the crusaders arrived they were forced to swear an oath to Alexius • Only allowed crusade leaders into the city • Alexius feared that they would turn on him if he didn’t quickly ferry them across

  8. Nicea • The Turkish Capital: Crusaders besieged the city for 7 weeks • The Seljuk Turkish leader of the city (Kilij Arslan) • After their lake was closed by the Byzantines the city surrendered to the Byzantines and Alexius (not the Crusaders) • Impact? (trust)

  9. Antioch • 7 month siege • Bohemond bribes a tower guard (slaughter) • Kerbogah besieges the Crusaders • Peter Bartholomew and the Lance of Christ • Miracle? • Victory

  10. Jerusalem June 1099 • First attack fails • preparations • Peter Desiderius and the march around • Final victory

  11. The Crusader States

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