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VerbNet / FrameNet

Steven Schoonover. VerbNet / FrameNet. Overview. What is VerbNet ? Levin Classification In-depth look at VerbNet Evolution of VerbNet What is FrameNet ? Applications. What is VerbNet ?. Lexical resource that organizes English verbs into different classes

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VerbNet / FrameNet

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  1. Steven Schoonover VerbNet / FrameNet

  2. Overview • What is VerbNet? • Levin Classification • In-depth look at VerbNet • Evolution of VerbNet • What is FrameNet? • Applications

  3. What is VerbNet? • Lexical resource that organizes English verbs into different classes • Describes verbs based on their syntactic and semantic properties • Originally put together in 2000 by Martha Palmer and Karin Kipper (released in 2005) • Based on the Levin Classification of 1993 • Maps to things including WordNet, Xtag, and FrameNet

  4. Levin Classification • Summary of the theoretical work done on semantic-verb classification for the decades leading up to it • Primary verb classes are based upon alternation • Also dependent on extended meaning of verbs and morphology • Taxonomy which provides a classification of 3,024 verbs (4,186 senses)

  5. Levin Classification Cont. • Puts these verbs into 48 broad and 192 fine-grained classes according to the 79 alternations with NP and PP complements

  6. Levin Example • “Break verbs” are verbs which bring about a change on the material integrity of an entity • Characterized by its participation or non-participation in alternations and other constructions • 8 different examples

  7. Levin Example Cont. • Causative/inchoative alternation: Tony broke the window <-> The window broke • Middle alternation Tony broke the window <-> The window broke easily • Instrument subject alternation Tony broke the window with the hammer <-> The hammer broke the window

  8. Levin Example Cont. • With/against alternation Tony broke the cup against the wall <-> Tony broke the wall with the cup • Conative alternation Tony broke the window <-> Tony broke at the window • Body-Part possessor ascension alternation Tony broke herself on the arm <-> Tony broke her arm

  9. Levin Example Cont. • Unintentional interpretation available Reflexive object: Tony broke himself Body-part object: Tony broke his finger • Resultative phrase Tony broke the piggy bank open <-> Tony broke the glass to pieces

  10. Structure of VerbNet • Hierarchical domain-independent • Higher level of detail then the original classification of the word in things such as WordNet • Includes both syntactic and semantic information for classes of English verbs based of Levin’s classification • Much more detail than is given in the original classification such as what WordNet has

  11. Structure of VerbNet Cont. • Verb classes, like the “Break verbs” example, are described by the set of members, argument structure, restrictions, and frames of the semantic and syntactic predicates • This type of structure allows for a varying level of granularity which can be changed based on the type of NLP application being used

  12. Structure of VerbNet Cont. • Syntactic frames consist of thematic roles (such as agent, theme and location), the verb, and any other lexical items needed for alternation or construction of the verb • May also be limited by which prepositions are allowed • Semantic restrictions (such as animate, human, and organization) are used to suggest the preference of thematic roles allowed by the classes

  13. Status of VerbNet • The first version of VerbNet had 4,100 verb senses (over 3,000 lemmas) distributed across 191 first-level classes, and 74 subclasses • These desciptions used 21 thematic roles, 36 selectional restriction preferences, 314 syntactic frames and 64 semantic predicates • Also dependent on a hierarchy of 57 prepositions

  14. Status of VerbNetCont. • The first version of VerbNet was evaluated through a mapping to roughly 50,000 instances of PropBank (lexicon of propositions and their arguments) corpus instances • The syntactic frames for VerbNet accounted for over 78% of exact matches found in the frames of PropBank

  15. Evolution of VerbNet • In 2006 VerbNet was expanded and from Korhoren and Briscoe (2004) there were 57 new novel classes added to the original Levin classification which VN was based • Also added 106 new diathesis alternations • This added to the coverage of PropBank and boosted it from the once 78% all the way up to 90.86%

  16. What is FrameNet? • Electronic resource based on a theory called frame semantics (getting the same message across from a different perspective) • Lexical database which contains 1,200 semantic frames, 13,000 lexical units (pairing of a word with a meaning) and over 190,000 example sentences • Mainly created by Charles J. Fillmore, the creator of frame semantics and intial project leader in 1997 when the project began

  17. Applications • VerbNet: • Parameterized Action Representation (work done at Penn which bridges the gap between natural language and animation) • FrameNet: • Question answering, paraphrasing, textual entailment and information extraction • VerbNet and FrameNet • Unified Verb Index

  18. Unified Verb Index • Consists of VerbNet, PropBank,FrameNet and OntoNotes Sense Groupings • Merges links and webpages from 4 different natural language processing systems • 8, 537 total verbs represented • 6, 340 VerbNet links • 273 VerbNet main classes • 214 VerbNet subclasses • 5, 649 PropBank links • 4, 186 FrameNet links • 4, 898 total Grouping Links

  19. Summary • VerbNet • Levin Classification • FrameNet • Applications • Unified Verb Index

  20. Sources • http://bubblegls.com/2012/02/05/verbnet-and-framenet-lexical-semantics-iii/ • http://verbs.colorado.edu/~kipper/Papers/lrec-journal.pdf • http://verbs.colorado.edu/~mpalmer/projects/verbnet.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VerbNet • http://faculty.ist.unomaha.edu/ylierler/teaching/material/framenet.pdf • https://framenet.icsi.berkeley.edu/fndrupal/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FrameNet

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