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Reminder!!!

Reminder!!!. QUIZ #1 TODAY PLEASE SIT IN DARK COLORED CHAIRS. Today 1) Finish material from Wednesday 2) Go into today’s material 3) Quiz #1!. Review - Isotopes. 3) Isotopes are naturally abundant in different concentrations. Review. 1 H “hydrogen” 99.985% 2 H deuterium 0.015%

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Reminder!!!

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  1. Reminder!!! QUIZ #1 TODAY PLEASE SIT IN DARK COLORED CHAIRS

  2. Today1) Finish material from Wednesday2) Go into today’s material3) Quiz #1!

  3. Review - Isotopes 3) Isotopes are naturally abundant in different concentrations

  4. Review 1H “hydrogen” 99.985% 2H deuterium0.015% 3H tritium trace amount

  5. Was there any D2 or T2 in these balloons? H2 H2 + O2

  6. Isotopes 4) Behave almost IDENTICALLY in chemical reactions

  7. Chemical Reactions 2 H2 + O2  2 H2O 2 D2 + O2  2 D2O 2 T2 + O2  2 T2O

  8. Chemical Reactions 2 H2 + O2  2 H2O 2 D2 + O2  2 D2O 2 T2 + O2  2 T2O Is T2O radioactive?

  9. Isotopes 5) Isotopes behave differently in nuclear reactions. What is a NUCLEAR reaction?

  10. Radioisotopes Isotopes which spontaneously undergo changes in the nucleus OR Isotopes that are radioactive.

  11. 224 86 223 86 222 86 221 86 Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn Rn 220 86 219 86 218 86 217 86 216 86 215 86 214 86 213 86 212 86 211 86 210 86 209 86 208 86 207 86 206 86 205 86

  12. Start Radon nucleus

  13. Finish Radioactivity involves emissions from the nucleus. Alpha particle Polonium nucleus

  14. Let’s Do It Again… 86 protons 136 neutrons

  15. Finish 2 protons 2 neutrons 84 protons 134 neutrons

  16. Alpha Decay of Radon + 86 protons 136 neutrons 84 protons 134 neutrons 2 protons 2 neutrons radon nucleus polonium nucleus alpha particle

  17. Alpha decay of radon Rn He + Po 4 2 222 86 218 84 Alpha Particle

  18. The history and chemistry of radioactive particles

  19. Topics for Today • Radiation • History and discovery of radioactivity • Alpha, beta, and gamma decay • Quiz #1

  20. Readings • Chapter 2 on the electromagnetic spectrum (page 75) • Chapter 7.7 - What is radioactivity? How are gamma rays different than visible light? How are they similar?

  21. Announcements • Assignment #1 is due in our email boxes Monday before lecture! • Please send to your TA and myself!

  22. PRELAB QUIZ for Week #2 Due before your lab next week Unlimited number of tries allowed this week only.

  23. Topics for Monday Now you see it, now you don’t…

  24. Topics for Monday • Alpha/Beta/gamma decay • Radioactive decay series • Half-life of radioisotopes • Radioactive iodine

  25. Chapter 7 • Radioactive decay series, Figure 7.17 (page 330) Why are radium and thorium found in nature with uranium?

  26. Chapter 11: Nutrition • Minerals: Macro and Micro (page 511) How is iodine utilized in your body?

  27. Topics for Today • Radiation • History and discovery of radioactivity • Alpha, beta, and gamma decay • Quiz #1

  28. Alpha Decay of Radon How did people first discover radiation? ENERGY!!! + 86 protons 136 neutrons 84 protons 134 neutrons 2 protons 2 neutrons radon nucleus polonium nucleus alpha particle

  29. Back in Time • 1893 and 1894 – Marie Curie earns a Masters degree in Physics and Mathematics (age = 19)

  30. Back in Time • 1893 and 1894 – Marie Curie earns a Masters degree in Physics and Mathematics (age = 19) • 1895 – Roentgen discovers x-rays.

  31. Back in Time • 1893 and 1894 – Marie Curie earns a Masters degree in Physics and Mathematics (age = 19) • 1895 – Roentgen discovers x-rays. What are x-rays?

  32. X-rays are short wavelength electromagnetic radiation. Energy Figure 2.6 (p. 75)

  33. Fig. 2.4 (p. 74)

  34. Figure 2.7 (p. 76)

  35. Back in Time • 1893 and 1894 – Marie Curie earns a Masters degree in Physics and Mathematics (age = 19) • 1895 – Roentgen discovers x-rays.

  36. Frau Anna Bertha Roentgen’s hand with wedding ring Nov. 8, 1895 Modern day X-ray

  37. Dark areas in photograph? Light areas? Frau Anna Bertha Roentgen’s hand with wedding ring Nov. 8, 1895 Modern day X-ray

  38. What happened to the radiologists who held the film plates?

  39. Back in Time • 1893 and 1894 – Marie Curie earns a Masters degree in Physics and Mathematics (age = 19) • 1895 – Roentgen discovers x-rays. • 1900 – Henri Becquerel discovers radiation

  40. Back in Time • 1893 and 1894 – Marie Curie earns a Masters degree in Physics and Mathematics (age = 19) • 1895 – Roentgen discovers x-rays. • 1900 – Henri Becquerel discovers radiation • 1903 – The Curies (Marie and Pierre) discover polonium and radium in pitchblende.

  41. Pitchblende How much radium can be found in TONS of pitchblende? Photo credit: Jim Marshall, Walking tour of the Elements

  42. Pitchblende Just a couple of milligrams! How much radium can be found in TONS of pitchblende? Photo credit: Jim Marshall, Walking tour of the Elements

  43. The Curies and Radium • Saw radium as a potential for an anti-cancer agent (1,000,000 times more radioactive than uranium) • Refused to patent this discovery for humanitarian reasons.

  44. Back in Time • 1903 – The Curies (Marie and Pierre) discover polonium and radium. • 1903 - The Curies and Becquerel win the Nobel Prize in physics • 1911 – Marie Curie wins second Nobel Prize • 1934 – Marie Curies dies from leukemia

  45. Early Researchers About 40% of the early radioactivity researchers died of cancer. At the time, why was this surprising?

  46. What makes these radioisotopes so dangerous?

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