Inter-regional Trade Networks and Contacts

1. Inter-regional Trade Networks and Contacts

2. Period 3 Interregional Trade Networks

3. 1. the Silk Road-between Asia, the Middle East and Europe

4. 2. Indian Ocean Regional Trade

5. 3. Trans-Saharan Trade

6. Consequences of Interregional Trade Networks and Contacts • Technological and Agricultural Diffusion -magnetic compass from China (allowed for more long distance trade) • Gunpowder and cannons spread west from China and Mongol use to Europe • Food and spices exchanged (rice to Europe and Africa, sugar crystallization to Europe)

7. Consequences of Interregional Trade Networks and Contacts 2. Demographic Changes • Tremendous growth of cities and urban centers along trade routes and at trade ports • Growth of middle class merchants, artisans, bankers –helped w/ trade industry • The Plague will make nomadic groups lose power to sedentary groups

8. 3. The Black Death Also called the Bubonic Plague or the Plague

9. What was the Black Death? • A deadly plague that spread across Europe from China from 1346-1352 • Caused by a form of bacteria (Pasteurellapestis) • Comes in 3 forms: • Bubonic • Septicemic • Pneumonic

10. The Disease Cycle Flea drinks rat blood that carries the bacteria. Bacteria multiply in flea’s gut. Human is infected! Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound. Flea’s gut cloggedwith bacteria.

11. Flea drinks rat blood that carries the bacteria. Bacteria multiply in flea’s gut. Flea’s gut cloggedwith bacteria. Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound.

12. 1. Bubonic • The most common • First appears as egg-shaped swellings called buboes(boo-bows). • Swellings appear wherever there are lymph glands- neck, armpits and groin • Leads to fever and delirium and eventually blood infection

13. 2. Septicemic • The rarest and most deadly form today-usually begins in the bubonic form • Infects bloodstream • Causes black spots to form beneath the skin • Can turn into pneumonic plague • almost 100% mortality rate.

14. 3. Pneumonic Plague • Attacks the lungs after septicemic form • Fierce coughing and sneezing fits • Victims cough up black blood; causes the victim to choke to death on his or her own blood • Spread from human to human through the air

15. A 1411 Painting of the Plague

16. How did the Black Death spread throughout Europe? Movement

17. Movement of the Plague to Europe • Originated in SW China and then to Mongolia and spread to the Black Sea along the Silk Road • Bacteria carried by fleas who lived on black rats • Spread also through Mongolian military campaigns • Italian merchant ships brought the rats to Europe along with trade goods • First appeared in Sicily in 1347 and eventually spread all over Europe by 1352

18. The Spread of the Plague

20. How can you get the Plague by the air?

21. Medieval Art & the Plague Bring out your dead!

22. Treatment and “cures” for the plague (14th century) • In the 14th century, knowledge of disease was non-existent. • They believed it was caused by bad vapors or blood imbalances. • The treatment used to ‘cure’ plague would seem bizarre by modern standards. • Bathing in human urine. • 2. Placing dead animals in the home. • 3.Use of leeches or bleeding the individual.

23. Other Ineffective Cures • Pomanders-a pocket full of orange peels flowers or chopped snake • Wearing a bird-beak mask filled with cloves and flowers • Flagellation-whipping oneself with iron spikes to earn God’s forgiveness • Repentance of Sins • The Dance of the Dead-graveyard dancing

24. The beak is a primitive gas mask, stuffed with substances thought to ward off the plague.

25. The Blame Game- “it’s the Jews’ Fault” • Many Europeans massacred Jews because they believed Jews had poisoned wells in order to spread the disease • They also blamed God’s anger and misalignment of the stars

26. Attempts to Stop the Plague Pogramsagainst the Jews “Golden Circle” obligatory badge “Jew” hat

27. Flagellants-people that whipped themselves to try to rid the Plague

28. The Dance of Death

29. Plague as a biological weapon • Plague has a long history as a biological weapon. Historical accounts from medieval Europe detail the use of infected animal carcasses, by Mongols, Turks and other groups, to infect enemy water supplies. • Plague victims were also reported to have been tossed by catapultinto cities under siege.

30. This child’s game/ Nursery Rhyme originated as a result of the Plague “Ring around the rosy, a pocket full of posies, ashes, ashes (atishoo-atishoo-violent sneezing), we all fall down”

31. TREATMENT FOR PLAGUE TODAY Since the plague is caused by a bacteria, we have a very effective means of treating outbreaks. What type of medication is used to treat most bacterial infections ? ANSWER: Penicillin or Antibiotics

32. HISTORY CHANGED-How did the Black Death change the world? • Anywhere from 1/3 to maybe as much as ½ of Europe’s population died (25-50 million) • Farmers were forced to diversify crops • Peasants rebelled against the nobles and were set free or demanded higher wages • Working-class poor moved to cities to earn more money (cities grew) • Feudal lords (nobles) lost power to kings and merchant class Period 3 Ends with aristocrats losing some power to middle class merchants and townspeople and kings