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Biotechnology

Biotechnology. The use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products or processes. . Recombinant DNA (Genetic Engineering). DNA that is created from joining together the DNA of two different organisms using enzymes .

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Biotechnology

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  1. Biotechnology The use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products or processes.

  2. Recombinant DNA(Genetic Engineering) • DNA that is created from joining together the DNA of two different organisms using enzymes. • Makes it possible to change the genetic composition of organisms. • Organisms that have DNA from another organism are called transgenic organisms.

  3. Research Food Fun Transgenic Organisms

  4. Genetically Modified/Transgenic Foods • Foods that have had their DNA altered by genetic engineering, through recombinant DNA technologies. • It is unknown if they lead to long term health problems in individuals who eat them.

  5. DNA _________ from bacteria. Insulin _______ from human. _____________ ________ inserted back into bacteria. Bacteria will reproduce __________ creating a lot of insulin which can be removed and used as medicine.

  6. Gene Therapy • Changing/replacing a gene within an individual to treat a disorder caused by a problem with the original gene. • Vector- the “vehicle” used to introduce a new piece of DNA into a genome for gene therapy or the creation of transgenic organisms. (Ex: plasmids, genetically engineered viruses) • Some immune system deficiencies have been treated this way (with side effects) • Possible treatment of hereditary blindness- not yet fully successful

  7. Stem Cells • Unspecialized (somatic) cells from which differentiated cells develop. • Embryonic stem cells in the early embryo will ultimately develop into all of the cell types in the body. • Adult stem cells are also present in our organs and are used (differentiate) when we need new cells.

  8. Cloning • The growing of an entirely new individual using the genetic material of an adult organism. • Easily done with unicellular organisms, more difficult in multicellular organisms. • Cows, pigs mice, and even cats have been cloned.

  9. Gel Electrophoresis • A lab technique that separates pieces of DNA by size using an electrical current. • Scientists use this to locate and isolate a certain stretch of DNA

  10. DNA Fingerprinting • Uses gel electrophoresis to showcase differences in individuals DNA. • Can be used to identify an individual. • If you have someone's DNA fingerprint on file, you can test a DNA sample and compare the results to the known finger print. • Used to solve crimes.

  11. Which person’s DNA was in the bloodstain? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

  12. Which two people are twins? 1 2 3 4 5

  13. Selective Breeding • Allowing only organisms with wanted characteristics to reproduce • This is how dog breeds are created and maintained. • Corn was created by selective breeding

  14. Textbook Practice • Pg. 302 # 27 • Pg. 442-443 # 3, 8, 11, 12, 18

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