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Chapter 10

Chapter 10 . ACIDS and BASES. PROPERTIES OF ACIDS. All acids contain the element hydrogen in a combined form. HC 2 H 3 O 2 acetic acid (vinegar) HCl hydrochloric acid H 2 SO 4 sulphuric acid All acids have a sour taste. Acids are corrosive (eat away or destroy a substance.).

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Chapter 10

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  1. Chapter 10 ACIDS and BASES

  2. PROPERTIES OF ACIDS • All acids contain the element hydrogenin a combined form. • HC2H3O2 acetic acid (vinegar) • HCl hydrochloric acid • H2SO4 sulphuric acid • All acids have a sour taste. • Acids are corrosive (eat away or destroy a substance.)

  3. PROPERTIES OF ACIDS • Acids react with metals to produce hydrogen gas and a salt. Zn + 2 HCl  ZnCl2 + H2 • Acids react with carbonates (CO32-) or bicarbonates (HCO31-) to produce carbon dioxide, water and a salt. 2HCl + CaCO3 CO2 + H2O + CaCl2

  4. PROPERTIES OF ACIDS • Acids are good electrolytes. • Acids are produced by reacting non-metallic oxides with water. These non-metallic oxides are called acid anhydrides. SO3 + H2O  H2SO4

  5. PROPERTIES OF ACIDS • Acids change the colour of indicators. • Red litmus paper remains red • Blue litmus paper turns red • Phenolphthalein remains colourless • Bromthymol blue turns yellow • Methyl orange turns red

  6. PROPERTIES OF BASES • Most bases contain the hydroxide ion (OH-). • NaOH sodium hydroxide • Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide • NH4OH ammonium hydroxide • Some bases contain the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-). • NaHCO3 sodium bicarbonate • KHCO3 potassium bicarbonate

  7. PROPERTIES OF BASES • All bases have a bitter taste and feel slippery, slimy or soapy • Bases are good electrolytes. • Bases are caustic (eat away flesh)

  8. PROPERTIES OF BASES • Bases are prepared by: • an active metal reacting with water. Ca + H2O  Ca(OH)2 + H2 • A metallic oxide reacting with water. These metallic oxides are called basic anhydrides. Na2O + H2O  2NaOH

  9. PROPERTIES OF BASES • Bases change the colour of indicators. • Red litmus paper turns blue • Blue litmus paper remains blue • Phenolphthalein turns pink • Bromthymol blue remains blue • Methyl orange remains orange

  10. Definitions of Acids and Bases • Arrhenius Theory • An acid ionizes in water to increase the hydrogen ion concentration. • A base dissociates in water to increase the hydroxide ion concentration. • A neutralization reaction involves the reaction of a hydrogen ion with a hydroxide ion to produce water.

  11. Time to Get To Work • Learning Check pg 457 • # 1- 4, 6

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