K. Hanumantha Rao

1. BHARAT NIRMAN VOLUNTEERS K. Hanumantha Rao

2. Goal of RD - - increase in SOL of all on sustainable basis • Initial conditions – over dependence On agriculture; ag. – f(RF) • Traditional and low productive technologies • Weak institutions • Low human capital • Skewed distribution of productive resources

3. Community Development and Institutional Reforms (50s and early 60s) • Food crisis and Technological interventions (mid 60s and 70s) • Technology focus and special programmes (80s) • Era of poverty alleviation programmes (90s) • - Paradigm shifts: NERs, Decentralisation, HD • Restructuring of PAPs and strengthening economic reforms (1st decade of the century)

4. Outcomes and effects of development efforts • High Economic Growth • Food Security • Poverty and unemployment • Disparities • Environmental degradation • Weak institutions

5. Main causes Weak governance structures Non-inclusive growth - Centralisation - Lack of people’s participation • People’s participation – f (design and relevance, awareness) • Quality of participation in all stages

6. How to make people active partners in the development process? • b) How PRI led local governance institutions be made more responsive to the needs of the people and also accountable to community about their actions and outcomes? • c) How to promote leadership and political capacity in the rural community and make development endogenous?

7. Approach • Mobilsation and organisation of community • Participatory work culture – delivery system • Mechanisms could provide (3Rs) information, guidance and counseling • Platforms for citizen – official / ER interface (constructive development dialogue)

8. Investments in community for capacity development (para professionals/ Bharat Nirman Volunteers) • Capacity development of all stakeholders • Social accountability mechanism • Incentive – disincentive mechanisms

9. Thank you