Jacksonian Democracy and the 1828 Election: Era of Change and Division

1. Andrew Jackson: 1828 – 1836 Era of the Common Man

2. Fill in the blanks: ______ people were able to vote in 1830 than 1800 because___________________ _________________________________________.

3. What were the democratic trends in the 19c?

4. Expanded Suffrage • Suffrage- the right to vote • In the early 1800’s, more people gained the right to vote • States reduced voting restrictions • No more poll taxes or property requirements • Helped Jackson win in 1828

5. Jackson's First Presidential Run

6. Jackson’s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay[West] John Q. Adams[North] William Crawford[South]

7. New Political Parties Emerge • No one got the majority of electoral votes • Election thrown into the House • Adams won • “Corrupt Bargain” split the Demo-Rep party between Jackson and Adams supporters • Democrats • Jackson supporters • National Republicans • Adams supporters

8. Election of 1828 • Jackson vs. Adams…AGAIN! • Both sides made vicious, personal attacks • Jackson aimed his campaign against the wealthy elite (Adams) • He promised to look out for the “common man” • Jacksonian Democracy: idea of spreading political power to all people and ensuring majority rule

9. 1828 Election Results

10. Wrap Up • What type of person do candidates portray themselves as today? Why?

11. Jump Start • Define Jacksonian Democracy in your own words. • Use the term in a sentence that summarizes what we learned yesterday.

12. Jackson’s Presidency • Jackson supporters • Planter elite of the South • People on the Frontier • Immigrants in the cities • State Politicians • spoils system: winning candidates give government jobs to their supporters • Issues during his presidency • Rights of the states • Role of the Bank of the United States • Status of Native Americans

13. Nullification and Tariffs

14. Economies of the North and South • REVIEW! REVIEW! REVIEW! • Economy of the North • Fishing, shipbuilding industry and naval supplies, trade and port cities • Skilled craftsmen, shopkeepers, manufacturing (textiles, tools, metals, building materials, etc.) • Economy of the South • Large farms/plantations, cash crops (tobacco, indigo, rice, cotton), wood products, small farms • Slavery

15. REVIEW! REVIEW! REVIEW! • What is a TARIFF? TAX the government puts on imported goods (from other countries) If you were a FACTORY OWNER or in MANUFACTURING , would you like tariffs? Yes! Your products would not have an additional tax, so what you make would be cheaper than foreign goods. If you were a FARMER, would you like tariffs? No! You depend on foreign nations to buy your crops and in return, you buy their manufactured goods. You are afraid that tariffs will make foreign goods more expensive. If you don’t buy their goods, then they might not buy your crops.

16. Increasing Sectionalism • 1820’s and 30’s- nation was divided into 3 main sections • Northeast, South, West • During the same time Congress was arguing over 3 main issues • One of which was tariffs • Tariffs- government’s main source of income • North liked it b/c it made their goods cheaper • South didn’t b/c they depended on foreign trade • Congress passed a tariff in 1828 to help the growth of manufacturing

17. Nullification • Tariff of Abominations (1828)- tariff that raised the price of imported factory goods by a large amount • Northern factory owners favored the new law • Southerners opposed it for several reasons: • Tariffs raised the price they paid for factory goods • High tariffs kept foreign countries from trading with the U.S. because it was more expensive • Hurt cotton sales for the South • Believed the a law that favored one section was unconstitutional • Calhoun, Vice President at the time, brought up idea of nullification- states can nullify a law if they see it as unconstitutional • Calhoun was an extreme form of states’ rights

18. South Carolina Threatens to Secede • Jackson understood Southerners • Signed a law that lowered the tariff in 1832 but it wasn’t enough to make them happy • South Carolina threatened to secede from the government enforced the law • Henry Clay created a compromise bill that gradually lowered the tariff until 1842 • Both sides called a truce for the time

19. Jump Start • Ignite Learning • Write the following questions on your paper before watching the video: • What issue from Jackson’s presidency is shown in the video? • How does this issue relate to the Kentucky and Virginia Resolution? • In your opinion, which side (states or federal government) is correct? Why?

20. Jump Start • How do banks MAKE money? • If you know, please explain. • If you do NOT know, make an inference using what you know about banks.

21. Jackson's Battles the Bank

22. Issues over the Bank • Jackson was against the bank for many reasons: • Thought the bank favored wealthy Northeasterners • It did not help capitalists in the West • capitalists- someone investing in a business to make profit • He distrusted the bank president, Nicholas Biddle • Jackson vetoed the bill to re-charter the bank (keep it going) • Voters agreed • He was elected for a second term in 1832 • He considered this economic democracy

23. Jackson's Native-American Policy

24. Jump Start Complete a basic SOAPStone on the following document: Speaker Occasion Audience Purpose Subject Tone

25. Indian Removal • Jackson had little sympathy for Native Americans • Raised on the frontier • By the time he took office, only 125,000 Natives remained east of the Mississippi • Most had fallen prey to war and disease • Majority lived in the southeast • Known as the Five Civilized Tribes • Creek, Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole • Hoping to keep their lands, they adopted many European characteristics and ways of life • i.e. European clothing, owned farms, slaves, had own alphabet and newspaper • Despite the Native’s efforts to assimilate (integrate into English culture), whites decided they had to go as cotton spread west

26. Indian Removal • Indian Removal Act of 1830- allowed the government to make treaties in which Natives in the East traded their land for new territory in the Great Plains • Some tribes saw no other way out and gave up land • Georgia later passed a law saying that the authority of their state law also now extended over the Cherokee • Cherokee appealed to Supreme Court • Worcester vs. Georgia- Chief Justice Marshall ruled that the Cherokee were a “distinct political community” • Georgia could not pass laws governing the Cherokee

27. Indian Removal • Jackson did nothing to enforce the Court’s ruling • Cherokee were forced to give in and sell their land • 16,000 were gathered into camps and forced into the Indian Territory during the fall and winter from 1838-1839 • Present day Oklahoma • More than ¼ died from exposure and starvation • Became known as the Trail of Tears(Part 2)