Healthcare Delivery System

1. Healthcare Delivery System Course: NUR 210

2. Health Care Delivery System Learning Outcomes: Differentiate health care services Describe the functions and purposes of health care agencies Identify the roles of various heath care professionals Describe the role of various health care delivery Describe frameworks

3. Health Care System • It is the totality of services offered by all health disciplines • It is one of the largest industries • The major purpose of a health care system was to provide care to people who were ill or injured • However, with increasing awareness of health promotion, illness prevention, and levels of wellness

4. Types of Health Care Services: • Primary prevention, which consists of health promotion and illness prevention • Secondary prevention, which consists of diagnosis and treatment • Tertiary prevention, which consists of rehabilitation, health restoration, and palliative

5. Secondary Prevention-Diagnosis & Treatment Cont. Examples of early detection services • Regular dental exams from childhood • Bone density studies • Mammograms

6. Tertiary Prevention The goal of tertiary prevention is to help people move to their previous level of health. • Rehabilitation: emphasizes the importance of assisting clients to function a adequately in the physical , mental,social, economic, and vocational areas of their lives. For example • Injury neck or back an automobile crash may have restrictions in the ability to perform work or daily activities • If the injury is temporary, rehabilitation can assist in return to former function. If the injury permanent, rehabilitation assist the client in adjusting the way activities are performed in order to maximize the client’s abilities

7. Cont.. • if the injury is temporary: rehabilitation can assist in return to former function. • If the injury permanent: rehabilitation assist the client in adjusting the way activities are performed in order to maximize the client’s abilities

8. Types of Health Care Agencies and Services 1- Physicians’ Office: is significant care setting the majority of physician either have their own office or work with several other physicians in a group practice Clients usually go to a physicians’ office for routine health screening, illness diagnosis, and treatment

9. Cont.. 2-Ambulatory care centers: Most ambulatory care centers have diagnostic and treatment facilities that provide medical, nursing, laboratory, and radiologic services 3-Occupational Health Clinics: Today, more companies recognize the value of healthy employees and encourage healthy lifestyles be providing exercise facilities and coordinating health promotion activities

10. Cont.. • Community health nurses in the occupational setting have a verity of roles worker safety has always been a concern of occupational nurses • Today, nursing functions in industrial health car include work safety and health education, annual employee health screening for tuberculosis and maintaining information

11. 4.Hospitals Hospitals very in size from the12-bed rural hospital to the 1,500-bed metropolitan hospital Hospitals are classified by • Their ownership A-public hospital and B- private hospital 2. By service • General hospitals: admit clients requiring a variety services such as medical, surgical, obstetric, pediatric, and psychiatric services. • Other hospital: offer only specialty services, such as psychiatric or pediatric care

12. Cont.. Health care services hospital provide usually depends on their size and location. Large urban hospital: usually have inpatient beds, emergency services, diagnostic facilities, ambulatory surgery centers, pharmacy services intensive and coronary care services, and multiple outpatient services provided by clinics Some large hospitals: have other specialized services such as spinal cord injury and burn units, oncology services, and infusion and dialysis units Small rural hospitals often are limited to inpatient beds, radiology and laboratory services, and basic emergency services the number of services

13. 5-Extended (Long-Term) Care Facilities: Extended care facilities, formerly called nursing homing.skilled nursing facilities( intermediate care), and extended (long-term care) facilities that provide levels of personal care for those who are chronically ill or are unable to car for themselves without assistance

14. 6-Retirement or assisted living centers: • Consist of separate houses, condominiums, or apartments for residents live relatively independently • Many of these facilities offer meals, laundry services, nursing care , transportation, and social activities • Some centers have an affiliated hospital to care for residents with short-term or long-term illnesses

15. 7-Rehabilitation Centers • Usually are independent community centers or special units • Rehabilitation centers play an important role in assisting clients to restore their health and recuperate For example: Help free clients of drug and alcohol dependence and assist them to reenter the community and function to the best of their ability

16. 8-Home Health Care Agencies: • The implementation of prospective payment programs • Earlier discharge of clients from hospital have made home care essential aspect of the heath care delivery system • Home heath care nurses and other staff offer education to clients and families and also provide comprehensive care to clients who are acutely ,chronically, terminally ill

17. 9-Day Care Centers • Serve many functions and many ages groups. • Some day care centers provide care for infants and children while parents work • Other center provide care and nutrition for adults who cannot be left at home alone but do not need to be in an institution • Some center provide counseling and physical therapy

18. 10-Hospice Services: • Hospice was a place for travelers to rest . • Recently the term has come to mean interprofessional health care service for dying provide in the home or another healthcare setting . • Hospice nurses serve primarily as case mangers and supervise the delivery of direct care by other member of the team.

19. 11-Crisis Centers: • Provide emergency services to client experiencing life crisis. • These center may operate out of the hospital or in the community, and most provide 24-hour telephone service.

21. Providers of health care The health care team. Or health professionals They are nurses and health personnel from different disciplines who coordinate their skills to assist clients and their support people. 1-Nurses RN assesses a client’s status , identifies health problems , and develops and coordinates care Licensed practical (LPN)provides direct client care under the direction of an RN, physician ,or other licensed practitioner.

22. Providers of health care • Advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) provide direct client care as NPs ,nurses midwives ,certified registered nurses anesthetists , and clinical nurses specialist. • Case Manger. The case manger’s role is ensure that clients receive fiscally sound , appropriate care in the best setting.

23. Providers of health care • Dentist Dentist diagnose and treat mouth ,jaw , and dental problems. • Dietitian or Nutritionist A dietitian has special knowledge about the diets required to maintain health and to treat disease.

24. Providers of health care • Emergency medical personnel: Several different categories of provides are associated with ambulance or emergency medical services agencies (e . g fire departments). • Occupational therapist: (OT) assist clients with impaired function to gain the skill to perform activities of daily living (ADLs).

25. Providers of health care • Paramedical technologist: • Laboratorytechnologist :examine specimens such as urine ,feces ,blood. • Radiologic technologist: assists with a wide variety of x-ray film procedures. • Nuclear technologist :Use radioactive substances to provide diagnostic information.

26. Providers of health care Pharmacist: A Pharmacist prepares and dispenses pharmaceuticals in hospital and community settings. Clinical Pharmacist is a specialist who guides primary car providers in prescribing medications. Physical therapist: Assists clients with musculoskeletal problems. Physical therapist treat dysfunctions by means of heat ,water exercise massage e.t.c

27. Providers of health care • Physician: the physician is responsible for medical diagnosis and for determining the therapy required by a person who has a disease or injury. Some physicians are primary care practitioners (also known as general or family practitioners). Primary care physicians are those who provide the first point of contact for most clients and can include allopathic.

28. Providers of health care Physician assistant: Physician assistants (PAs) perform certain tasks under the direction of a physician and are increasingly positioned to provide primary care. Podiatrist: Doctors of podiatrist medicine (DPM) diagnose and treat foot and ankle conditions.

29. Providers of health care • Respiratory therapist: A respiratory therapist is skilled in therapeutic measures used in the care of clients with respiratory problems. Social worker: A social worker counsels clients and their support persons regarding problems such as finances, marital difficulties, and adoption of children.