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M1/7/13; M12/19/11 ; T12/14/10 ; W12/16/09

M1/7/13; M12/19/11 ; T12/14/10 ; W12/16/09. National Politics During Reconstruction ( Ch. 16.4 & 16.5; pp. 462-471 ) Q: What were the major national political issues during Reconstruction (1865-1877)? What impact did they have on Reconstruction in the South?. I. Grantism.

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M1/7/13; M12/19/11 ; T12/14/10 ; W12/16/09

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  1. M1/7/13; M12/19/11; T12/14/10 ; W12/16/09 National Politics During Reconstruction (Ch. 16.4 & 16.5; pp. 462-471) Q: What were the major national political issues during Reconstruction (1865-1877)? What impact did they have on Reconstruction in the South?

  2. I. Grantism • widespread corruption • many scandals: • gold grab • Jay Gould & Jim Fisk w/ Grant’s bro-in-law – corner market • Credit Mobilier • VP Schulyer Colfax – Union Pacific RR construction thru gov’t contracts • whiskey ring • private sec. Orville Babcock – bribe re: whiskey taxes • Indian trading posts • Sec War William Belknap – bribes

  3. II. Liberal Revolt • split Republican party in 1872 election • wanted “home rule” • worried about “Grantism” corruption • endorsed Horace Greeley • Dems also endorsed • landslide electoral win, but relatively close popular vote • Amnesty Act passed

  4. III. Panic of 1873 • worst depression to date • focused on overspeculation in RR’s • collapse of Jay Cooke’s bank • lasted for five years

  5. IV. Currency • silver issue – Bland-Allison Act (1878) • greater credit • important issue again in 1890s (next depression) • greenbacks • Greenback Party – 1876

  6. V. Constitutional Issues • slowly chipped away at reconstruction’s gains • ex parte Milligan (1866) • banned military tribunals when regular courts open • impacted other laws enforced by military courts – Freedmen’s Bureau • TX v. White (1869) • upheld reconstruction process as constitutional (re-admittance of states)

  7. V. Constitutional Issues (cont.) • Slaughterhouse Cases (1873) • involves LA slaughterhouse monopoly by state • interpreted 14th Amend. narrowly • only protects national citizenship, not state citizenship • does not protect against state restrictions • only protects in interstate travel, sea travel • US v. Reese (1876) – KY – • 1stEnforcement Act/15thAmend. • interprets 15th Amend narrowly & literally

  8. V. Constitutional Issues (cont.) • US v. Cruikshank – • LA & Colfax Massacre • 14th Amend protects against states, not individuals • individuals, not state, committed act • [similar parallel to debate over “hate crimes” today] • 1883 – Sup. Ct. invalidated C.R. Act of 1875 & KKK Act of 1871 • Plessy v. Ferguson – 1896 – “separate but equal”

  9. VI. Weakening Support & Redemption • Republicans split nationally • many Radicals retired or dead • Moderate Reps worried about maintaining Rep. majority • Americans worried about other issues, not South • Dems back in power • by 1876, all states except 3 – FL, SC, LA

  10. VII. Election of 1876 & Compromise of 1877 • Hayes (Rep.) v. Tilden (Dem.) • disputed results – FL, LA, SC • electoral commission – 7 Reps, 7 Dems, 1 Ind • Independent replaced by Rep. • Hayes wins – “Rutherfraud” – Reps. • Dems upset; need Dem. support • ends military recon. • troops pull out of S. • Reconstruction officially ends

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