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Chapter 26

Chapter 26. The Civil Right Era (1945 - 1975). Beginnings of the Movement. Separate but Unequal North v. South Self Segregation v. Jim Crow Plessy v. Ferguson NAACP : Jane Addams and W.E.B Du Bois National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Thurgood Marshall: integration.

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Chapter 26

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  1. Chapter 26 The Civil Right Era (1945 - 1975)

  2. Beginnings of the Movement • Separate but Unequal • North v. South • Self Segregation v. Jim Crow • Plessy v. Ferguson • NAACP : Jane Addams and W.E.B Du Bois • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People • Thurgood Marshall: integration

  3. Broken Barriers • Baseball • Jackie Robinson • Military • Truman for Civil Rights • Only has control over military

  4. Educational Segregation • Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka • Trouble in Little Rock • Blacks v. Governor and National Guard • Ike sends in Army

  5. Montgomery Bus Boycott • Rosa Parks • Women’s Political Council of Montgomery • Martin Luther King, Jr. • Arrest of Leaders • 381 total days: Supreme Court Rules

  6. Expanding Government Role • Earl Warren Presiding • Individual rights • Judicial Activism: Approaching the Constitution with flexibility and fairness to all

  7. Key Decision of the Warren Court

  8. Kennedy • Election of 1960 • Assassinated before he could pass his civil rights legislation • Most known for his impact on the space program

  9. LBJ • Sworn in and then elected • Background • Poor family in Texas • Taught at Mexican American school • Elected to Congress in 1937 • Elected to Senate in 1948 • VP in 1961

  10. Legislation • Pushed through by LBJ • Civil Rights • “Great Society” • Economic Opportunity Act: attacked Poverty • Head Start • Welfare: a system in which government agencies make cash payment to the poor • Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)

  11. Legislation cont. • Medicare/Medicaid

  12. Continuing Civil Rights • Civil disobedience: the peaceful refusal to obey unjust laws • King’s inspiration: • Christian teachings • Mohandas Gandhi • A. Philip Randolph • SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) • Voting Rights Act

  13. Movement Split • Malcom X • Slave name • Islamic “Black Islam” • Complete separation • 1965 Shot

  14. Black Power Movement • Stokely Carmichael • Start own business • Violent Protest • Ghettos: poor run-down neighborhoods • Watts : 1000 killed/injured • Looted stores, burned cars • Presidential commission: • “Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white—separate and unequal”

  15. Loss of a Leader • King is Killed • Shot on April 4 by a white segregationist

  16. Civil Rights Era Results • African Americans begin to take political positions • Affirmative Action: businesses and schools were encouraged to give preference to members of groups that had been discriminated against in the past

  17. Other Civil Rights • Women’s Rights Movement • Betty Friedan – The Feminine Mystique • Founded National Organization for Women • Equal Rights Amendment (1972) • Requires 38 states to pass • Notable Gains • 1963-Equal Pay Act • Civil Rights Acts included sex discrimination • Political Activism

  18. Civil Rights for Mexican Americans • Closed out of schools, jobs, housing • 1948 American GI Forum • Hernandez v. Texas • Cesar Chavez: United Farm Workers • Boycott on grapes • 1975: Voting Rights Act in 1975 requires bilingual elections

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