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Class, Conflict & Culture in the English Colonies

Class, Conflict & Culture in the English Colonies. Ch. 4 - 5. Was the pre-1700 society of the southern colonies homogenous or heterogeneous when compared to that of New England? SFI List Thesis Statement. Warm Up. With your group: Read the Virginia Slave Code handout

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Class, Conflict & Culture in the English Colonies

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  1. Class, Conflict & Culture in the English Colonies Ch. 4 - 5

  2. Was the pre-1700 society of the southern colonies homogenous or heterogeneous when compared to that of New England? • SFI List • Thesis Statement Warm Up

  3. With your group: • Read the Virginia Slave Code handout • Identify the intended social outcomes behind these restrictions (on your own paper) • Discuss your assigned article & on chart paper: • What does your article’s title mean? • Identify the author’s thesis (in your own words) • Give us the jist • The 5 facts we should take away from your presentation Slavery Symposium

  4. Bacon’s Rebellion Leisler’s Rebellion • Virginia 1676 • back country planter Nathaniel Bacon • Poor freemen, small farmers indiscriminately attacked Indians & burned the capital • Put down by Gov. Berkeley • Encouraged planters to seek slaves instead of indentures • New York City 1689-91 • Jacob Leisler, Protest merchant led a rebellion again James Iis policies • Wealthy landholders versus merchants Dominion of New England • Royal-led (James II) attempt to unify the colonies and enforce the Navigation Acts • Taxed people unfairly • Collapsed due to Glorious Revolution Conflict in the Colonies

  5. Waning religious devotion by 1660s • Congregationalist Church (Puritan) created new formula to admit members –halfway covenant • Only baptism required, not full conversion • Created bigger division b/w ‘elect’ & everyone else • Majority of members were women • By the 1690s, widening social stratification led to conflict • Established poor farming families accused new merchants class families of acts of witch craft • Just the word of teenage girls & overzealous clergy convicted many • 20 were killed and dozens indicted in 1692-93 Salem Witch Trials

  6. “What then is an American, this new man?” • This quote from Guillaume Jean de Crevecoeur described Americans as a new kind of people, different from their European counterparts. Defend his position using your knowledge of Unit 1. Warm Up

  7. About 90% of the population was involved in farming • Fishing & shipbuilding were major industries • 40% of all British ships were made in the colonies • From 1700-1775 the population of the American colonies surged, leading to a political imbalance • 1700:20 English for 1 Amer. colonist • 177:3 English for 1 Amer. Colonist • Increasing social stratification (lack of movement) after 1750 due to: • Wealthy merchant class that profited from colonial wars • Many widows & orphans due to colonial wars • Supply of available land in New England decreased and farms subdivided (got smaller) through inheritance • Indentured servants • Convicts • Slave trade increased; supported by English crown Colonial Society 1700 - 1775

  8. 7% of non-English population • Not Irish, but Scot lowlanders • Primarily Protestant • Typically pushed out to the frontier lands of NC, western MD, northwest VA • Typically anti-Indian; and anti-elite • Supported the Paxton Boys of PA and the Regulator Movement in NC Scots-Irish

  9. 20% of colonial population by 1775 • Integral part of the triangular trade system • NE (rum)to West Africa (slaves), West Africa (slaves) to West Indies (molasses), West Indies (molasses) to New England Slaves

  10. By the 1730s, most colonists were Congregationalists, Anglicans or Presbyterians • Catholics & Jews were the smallest groups, and discriminated against • Calvinist churches experienced a religious revival • No salvation in good works, only through divine grace • Inspired conversion and high emotionalism • Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield • Old Lights vs. New Lights • Inspired new universities to prepare preachers (Dartmouth, Princeton, Brown, Rutgers) Great Awakening

  11. Early Puritan settlers saw the need for literacy • NE had many elementary (boys & girls) & secondary schools (boys), but far less common in the middle and south –elementary only • Religion & classical languages • Most colleges began as seminaries, except the University of PA Education

  12. Benjamin Franklin (home grown) • Author, inventor, businessman, statesman • Poor Richard’s Almanack • Invented ‘modern’ stove, bifocals • Phyllis Wheatley (poet) • John Singleton Copley, John Trumbull (artists) The American Character

  13. John Singleton Copley

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