Mastering Matter and Changes: Physical vs. Chemical in States of Matter

1. A: 5 October 2011 • Objective: You will be able to: • …differentiate between and identify physical and chemical changes and properties. • …describe and define characteristics of the three states of matter and changes between states of matter. • Do now: What are the three states of matter? Give any details you know about each of the three states.

2. Agenda • Do now • Separating Activity • Physical vs. chemical notes and examples • States of matter and state change notes and examples • Practice problems • Designing a procedure to separate a mixture Homework: Week 5 Homework pages 1-2

3. Directions • Classify these words into TWO groups. • Give a name to each group. • Add one more example to each group. • Raise your hand when you are done. SWBAT differentiate between matter and non-matter, and physical and chemical properties and changes.

4. SWBAT differentiate between matter and non-matter, and physical and chemical properties and changes.

5. 1. Separate into two categories2. Give a name to each category. • Dog • Wind • Atoms • Soil • DNA • Clouds • batteries • Wisdom • Heat • Toothpaste • Electricity • A star • Juice • Sound • The ocean • Fear • Peanut butter • Saliva • Helium • Democracy • Car exhaust • Gasoline • Paper • Bacteria • A cell

6. Share our classifications • How would a chemist classify these words?

7. Matter and Changes

8. Matter: has volume (takes up space), and has mass • Examples of matter? • Is air matter? How do you know? • Matter can be solid, liquid or gas SWBAT differentiate between matter and non-matter, and physical and chemical properties and changes.

9. Air Takes up space demo SWBAT differentiate between matter and non-matter, and physical and chemical properties and changes.

10. chemistry: the study of matter and changes to matter

11. Physical Property – • a characteristic that can be observed without changing the substance’s composition. Examples: • Color Solubility • Odor Hardness • Density Melting point • Boiling point

12. Physical change: A change that does not alter the chemical composition • Examples: • boiling water • dissolving sugar in water  dicing potatoes

13. Chemical change: any change that results in the formation of new substances. Examples: - gasoline burning - eggs cooking - bread rising - milk souring SWBAT differentiate between matter and non-matter, and physical and chemical properties and changes.

14. Ways you can tell a chemical reaction has occurred: • Energy is absorbed or given off • Heat • Light • Sound • Production of solid or gas from a liquid • (also happens with physical changes in states of matter) • Color • Odor • Bubbles

15. Chemical Property – properties of matter that can only be observed through a chemical change • Ex. Whether or not acid can corrode a certain metal • Ex. Whether sugar reacts with sulfuric acid SWBAT differentiate between matter and non-matter, and physical and chemical properties and changes.

16. Chemical or Physical Change? • burning paper • folding a piece of paper • the reaction of KI and Pb(NO3)2 • combustion of gasoline • hammering gold into a ring • cutting a diamond • acid rain “melting” a statue • a pile of old iron rusting • separating water into H and O by using electricity

17. Write down one unique example of a physical change you see at school.

18. Write down one unique example of a chemical change you see in your neighborhood.

19. What do all of these things have in common? H2O Dihydrogen monoxide

20. C: 6 October 2011 • Take Out Homework: Week 4 p. 4 and Week 5 p. 1 • Objective: You will be able to: • describe and define characteristics of the three states of matter and changes between states. • Do now: Give one example of a chemical change and one example of a physical change.

21. Agenda • Do now • Homework check • States of matter and changes notes and clicker practice • Dry ice lab stations! Homework: Week 4 last question Week 5 Homework p. 2: Fri.

22. States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas low temperatures high temperatures slow particle movement fast particle movement TAKES SHAPE AND VOLUME OF CONTAINER! FIXED VOLUME NO FIXED SHAPE FIXED VOLUMEFIXED SHAPE

24. Which state of matter…has a fixed volume and shape? • Solid • Liquid • Gas

25. Which state of matter…has no fixed volume or shape? • Solid • Liquid • Gas

26. Which state of matter…has fixed volume but no fixed shape? • Solid • Liquid • Gas

27. Which state of matter…takes the size and shape of its container? • Solid • Liquid • Gas

28. Which state of matter…takes the shape but not the size of its container? • Solid • Liquid • Gas

29. Which state of matter…can be compressed into a smaller volume? • Solid • Liquid • Gas

30. Which state of matter…exists at lower temperatures? • Solid • Liquid • Gas

31. Which state of matter…has medium particle movement? • Solid • Liquid • Gas

32. Which state of matter…has particles that vibrate slightly? • Solid • Liquid • Gas

33. States of Matter and Transitions(Phases) SOLID SUBLIMATION FREEZING DEPOSITION MELTING EVAPORATION LIQUID GAS CONDENSATION

34. Kinetic Theory • Why does temperature change the state of matter?

35. Kinetic Theory: all matter is made of particles that are always moving. • Temperature: - a measurement of Kinetic Energy (how fast particles are moving) • Measured in degrees Celsius or in Kelvin (which we will get to later) Absolute zero – the temperature at which all movement of particles stops - This has never been reached

36. Different states of matter have different amounts of kinetic energy • Solid  low • Liquid  medium • Gas  highest

37. Solid Liquid Gas low kinetic energy (KE) high kinetic energy (KE) SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.

38. In any sample of matter, two forces are competing • Bond forces are trying to hold the molecules together • Kinetic energy is trying to pull the molecules apart • Sometimes, Kinetic energy can overcome bond forces

39. SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.

40. Homework • Week 4 p. 4 #17 • Week 5 p. 2 • Dry ice lab: finish the observations/answer the questions for the stations we did together

41. Bond forces hold particles together. • Kinetic energy may be great enough to break bonds between particles (in a gas) SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.

42. SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.

43. Which transition?Ice turns into water • Freezing • Melting • Evaporating • Deposition 10 SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.

44. Which transition?Water turns into steam • Freezing • Melting • Evaporating • Deposition 10 SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.

45. Which transition?Water turns into ice • Freezing • Melting • Evaporating • Deposition 10 SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.

46. Which transition?Water vapor turns into rain in clouds • Evaporation • Deposition • Sublimation • Condensation 10 SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.

47. Which transition?Water boils and turns into steam • Evaporation • Deposition • Sublimation • Condensation 10 SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.

48. Which transition?An ice cube looks like it’s making steam • Evaporation • Deposition • Sublimation • Condensation 10 SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.

49. Which transition?Cream and sugar turns into ice cream • Freezing • Melting • Evaporating • Deposition 10 SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.

50. Which transition?Snow turns directly into water vapor • Evaporation • Deposition • Sublimation • Condensation 10 SWBAT identify characteristics, and model particle movement of the three states of matter, and transitions between those states.