Three Flags Test Point Execution Scale Proposal for Flight Test Risk Assessments

1. Three Flags Test Point Execution Scale Proposal for Flight Test Risk Assessments

2. Objective • Propose an alternative method to evaluate Flight Test Point Execution during Risk Assessments

3. Agenda • Risk Assessment Present Day Concept • Cooper Harper Application to Test Point Execution • Three Flags Application to Test Point Execution

4. Risk Assessment Present Day Concept Flight Envelope System Failure Test Point Execution Greater of All Three Final Risk Classification OBS: Each one of them are analyzed separately and considered mutually exclusive.

5. -simulation -training -systems improvements -analysis…etc -helicopter standing by -ambulance -firefighters -helmets parachutes -Tailchute…etc Risk Assessment Present Day Concept Final Risk Classification Minimizing Risk Procedures Mitigation Procedures

6. Risk Assessment Present Day Concept • Methodology came from past experience and was based on the FAA and ANAC (Brazilian Certification Authority) approved Risk Assessment Methodology • Nowadays, at Embraer, the CH is used to evaluate TPE Risk along with Three Flags Scale • Focused on TPE point of view only

7. Agenda • Risk Assessment Present Day Concept • Cooper Harper Application to Test Point Execution • Three Flags Application to Test Point Execution

8. Cooper Harper Application to Test Point Execution Risk • According to the Methodology:

9. Cooper Harper Application to Test Point Execution Risk • Few more points to take into account • Cooper-Harper scale is intended to evaluate the Flying Qualities of an aircraft for a specific MISSION. • Cooper-Harper scale is supposed to be applied to a defined TASK. This task should define what is DESIRABLE and ADEQUATE flying performance. The CH rate is obtained AFTER the maneuver is done by the test pilot. • A high Cooper Harper grade DO NOT necessarily mean a HIGH Risk maneuver.

10. Agenda • Risk Assessment Present Day Concept • Cooper Harper Application to Test Point Execution • Three Flags Application to Test Point Execution

11. “Three Flags” Application to Test Point Execution • Alternative way to go • Participation of several test pilots and FTEs • Focus on what a test pilot should consider • DETECT if certain risks are present • Designed ONLY for test point execution risk evaluation

12. I – Detect training or gradual approach necessities Training Try-outs Gradual Approach Can the lack or necessity of these affect Safety ? And Needed ? Is II – Detect Errors Tolerances Test Tolerances Positioning Tolerances Can be Considered to be tight ? Affect safety if exceeded or disregarded ? Do And III – Detect Recovering or Discontinuing possibilities Recovering Discontinuing The maneuver, is there a probable chance to get into unsafe situation ? When THREE FLAGS Test Point Execution SCALE

13. “Three Flags” Application to Test Point Execution “Three Flags” Application to Test Point Execution • QUESTION 1 RATIONALE • Indication of increased execution risk • Focus ONLY on the safety point of view (NO performance aspects) • QUESTION 2 RATIONALE • How close to the aircraft limits X margins for errors • Area Restriction • QUESTION 3 RATIONALE • “Difficult to handle” • Robustness and easiness of the recovering • Experience on the type of aircraft and lessons learned HELPS !!

14. “Three Flags” Application to Test Point Execution “Three Flags” Application to Test Point Execution • “Three Flags” TPE was successfully applied during the Embraer Phenom 100 development phase for the following Flight Test Campaigns: • Automatic Flight Control System • Controllability and Maneuverability • Stability • Autopilot Servo Sizing • Takeoff Transition • Minimum Control Speeds • Fuel Heat Management • Steering Test Without Shimmy Damper • In-Flight Thrust Determination • Engine In-Flight Start • Engine Inlet Distortion • ANAC Familiarization Flight

15. “Three Flags” Application to Test Point Execution “Three Flags” Application to Test Point Execution • Example: • Test Point – Maximum Dive Speed Demonstrated in Flight (Vdf) Determination • Aircraft: Choose an aircraft you are currently flying. • Configuration: UP/0 • Initial Altitude: 15.000 ±1000 ft • Trim Speed: Vmo • Minimum Recovery Altitude: 10.000 ft • 1. TRIM aircraft at Vmo/Mmo during 10 seconds; • 2. ESTABLISH a pitch attitude 7.5° (pushover maneuver Nz=0.5g) below the trimmed attitude and maintain during 20 seconds. Do not reduce thrust; • 3. PERFORM a pull up maneuver with load factor 1.5g. After start pull up, THRUST REDUCTION may be used, if required.

16. Example: Vdf is the maximum speed demonstrated in dive flight.

17. Embraer Phenom 100 Aircraft

18. CONCLUSIONS • “Three Flags” Test Point Execution Scale • R.A. Easier and Straight to the Point • Focused on what WILL be done (future) • Simple to use • Consistent grades attribution

19. Thank You ! “Flying is an unnatural act so be ready. Prepare yourself till you think you were born that way.”

20. Three Flags Test Point Execution Scale Proposal for Flight Test Risk Assessments Maximilian Kleinübing, B.S.,Flight Test Engineer maximilian.kleinubing@embraer.com.br