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Understanding RNA

Understanding RNA. R ibo n ucleic A cid. A. Sugar ( ribose ). B. Phosphate Group. 1 . Made of Nucleotides:. C. Nitrogen Bases. B. A. C. A.     Cytosine Guanine (C G). B.     Adenine Uracil (A U).

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Understanding RNA

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  1. Understanding RNA Ribonucleic Acid

  2. A. Sugar (ribose) B. Phosphate Group 1. Made of Nucleotides: C. Nitrogen Bases B A C

  3. A.     Cytosine Guanine (C G) B.     Adenine Uracil (A U) Notice that RNA has Uracil (not thymine) 2. Rules for Base Pairing:

  4. 3. What is the function of RNA? * helps to make protein 4. Types of RNA A. Messenger (mRNA) B. Transfer (tRNA) C. Ribosomal (rRNA)

  5. Nitrogen Base Sugar (ribose) Phosphate Group

  6. √ √ √ √ Comparing DNA & RNA √ √

  7. √ √ Comparing DNA & RNA √ √ √

  8. √ √ Comparing DNA & RNA √ √ √

  9. √ Comparing DNA & RNA

  10. Protein Synthesis: How Proteins are Made

  11. Making Proteins is a Two Step Process:

  12. Step 1: Transcription– making a mRNA copy of DNA; occurs in the nucleus

  13. Why Transcription? Don’t Write This Slide, Just Read!!! • DNA contains volumes of information about making protein. • Unfortunately, DNA is too huge to leave the nucleus but the protein is made in the ribosomes.

  14. The DNA molecule unzips at the nitrogen bases • mRNA nucleotides pair up with DNA nucleotides (one side) Summary of Transcription

  15. Summary of Transcription C. DNA “rezips” and mRNA leaves the nucleus Click Here for Transcription Animation

  16. Step 2: Translation – amino acids are being assembled into proteins; occurs in the ribosomes

  17. B. 3 mRNA nucleotides (codons) pair up with 3 tRNA nucleotides (anticodons) C. amino acids are added until the “stop” message is reached Summary of Translation A. mRNA enters the ribosome

  18. Click Here for Translation Animation

  19. * 1 codon makes 1 amino acid; 3 nitrogen bases makes 1 amino acid * Codon – three mRNA bases * Anticodon – three tRNA bases

  20. Example: DNA: DNA: TAC – AGG – GGT - ACG – CCG – AAT – GGG – ATT – AUG – UCC – CCA – UGC – GGC – UUA – CCC – UAA - mRNA: tRNA: Amino Acid:

  21. Example: DNA: GCA – AAT- TTA mRNA: CGU – UUA - AAU tRNA: Amino Acid:

  22. Example: DNA: TAC – AGG – GGT - ACG – CCG – AAT – GGG – ATT – mRNA: AUG – UCC – CCA – UGC – GGC – UUA – CCC – UAA - UAC – AGG – GGU – ACG – CCG – AAU – GGG – AUU - tRNA: Amino Acid:

  23. Example: DNA: GCA – AAT- TTA mRNA: CGU – UUA - AAU tRNA: GCA – AAU - UUA Amino Acid:

  24. Write this on the bottom of your “Chart of Amino Acids”: Use mRNA to find the Amino Acid on the Chart

  25. U C A G U Phenylalanine Phenylalanine Leucine Leucine Serine Serine Serine Serine Tyrosine Tyrosine Stop Stop Cysteine Cysteine Stop Tryptophan U C A G Second mRNA Base C Leucine Leucine Leucine Leucine Proline Proline Proline Proline Histidine Histidine Glutamine Glutamine Arginine Arginine Arginine Arginine UCAG First mRNA Base Third mRNA Base A Isoleucine Isoleucine Isoleucine Methionine Threonine Threonine Threonine Threonine Asparagine Asparagine Lysine Lysine Serine Serine Arginine Arginine UCAG G Valine Valine Valine Valine Alanine Alanine Alanine Alanine Aspartic Acid Aspartic Acid Glutamic Acid Glutamic Acid Glycine Glycine Glycine Glycine UCAG

  26. Amino Acid: Example: DNA: TAC – AGG – GGT - ACG – CCG – AAT – GGG – ATT – mRNA: AUG – UCC – CCA – UGC – GGC – UUA – CCC – UAA - tRNA:UAC – AGG – GGU – ACG – CCG – AAU – GGG – AUU - - STOP – Pro Met – Gly – Leu – Ser – Cys – Pro

  27. Anticodon Codon

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