2008 STRUCTURES CONGRESS, VANCOUVER, CANADA

1. 2008 STRUCTURES CONGRESS, VANCOUVER, CANADA Seismic Performance of Clay Masonry Veneer in Wood Stud Walls Subjected to In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Shaking Hussein Okail, P. Benson ShingUniversity of California – San DiegoRichard Klingner University of Texas – Austin

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE • Introduction • Experimental Program • Experimental Results • Discussion of Behavior • Conclusions • Future Work • Questions

3. INTRODUCTION Ref. The Brick Industry Association, Builder Notes

4. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM 1 in 8 ft 4 ft • Wood Stud Specimens • Wood Stud Frame + Clay Brick Veneer • Corrugated Sheet Metal Ties / Rigid Ties • With or Without Joint Reinforcement • Walls with or without Openings • In-Plane or Out-of-Plane Shaking Conforming with IRC , MSJC

5. CONSTRUCTION 22 ga. Corrugated Sheet Metal Tie 30 MIL EPDM Flashing 9 ga. Joint Reinforcement 3/8 ‘’ Type N Masonry Cement Mortar Joint 1’’ Air Gap 16 ga. Rigid Tie

6. CONSTRUCTION Loose Lintel 4 ft 4 ft 8 ft 8 ft Weep Holes

7. SPECIMENS DESCRIPTION

8. GROUND MOTIONS Sylmar Tarzana 1994 NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE - CALIFORNIA Sylmar - 6 Story County Hospital Tarzana – Cedar Hill Nursery

9. RESPONSE SPECTRUM 5% Damping X 1.5

10. LOADING PROTOCOL

11. TEST SETUP Restraint Frame Reference Frames Protection Frame Shaking Direction

12. WOOD 1 – TARZANA 150%

13. WOOD 2 – TARZANA 150%

14. IN-PLANE BEHAVIOR Prying Action due to In-Plane Sliding and Rocking

15. IN-PLANE BEHAVIOR Start of Nail Extraction

16. IN-PLANE BEHAVIOR Diagonal Cracking and Pier Rocking

17. IN-PLANE BEHAVIOR Tie Rupture and Pullout

18. WOOD 5 – TARZANA 125%

19. WOOD 7 – TARZANA 125%

20. OUT-OF-PLANE BEHAVIOR Nail Pullout

21. OUT-OF-PLANE BEHAVIOR Nail Pullout

22. OUT-OF-PLANE BEHAVIOR Pullout of Screw through Deformed Hole Deformed Hole

23. OUT-OF-PLANE BEHAVIOR Connector Deformation after Collapse

24. IN-PLANE BEHAVIOR

25. IN-PLANE BEHAVIOR

26. IN-PLANE BEHAVIOR Wood 1 Wood 3 Wood 2 Wood 4 MCE

27. IN-PLANE BEHAVIOR Wood 1 Wood 3 Wood 2 Wood 4 MCE Design Level

28. OUT-OF-PLANE BEHAVIOR

29. OUT-OF-PLANE BEHAVIOR Wood 5 – Tarzana 100% Displacement Profile Acceleration Profile Crack Pattern

30. OUT-OF-PLANE BEHAVIOR Tarzana 125% Tarzana 100% Tarzana 70% Sylmar 150% Sylmar 125%

31. OUT-OF-PLANE BEHAVIOR Average Capacity of Corrugated Ties = 152 lb Average Capacity of Rigid Ties = 235 lb

32. OUT-OF-PLANE BEHAVIOR MCE Design Level

33. GENERAL COMMENTARY

34. JOINT REINFORCEMENT • Nail Pullout Governs Response • No Observed Effect on Out-of-Plane Behavior • Effect of Tie Type is more pronounced

35. TOP ROW OF TIES SYLMAR 125 %PGA = 1.35 g TARZANA 125 %PGA = 2.55 g

36. CORRUGATED vs. RIGID CORRUGATED RIGID TARZANA 125 %PGA = 2.55 g TARZANA 125 %PGA = 2.55 g

37. CONCLUSIONS SO FAR • In-plane behavior of veneer is a combination of sliding & rocking • Out-of-plane behavior of veneer on wood studs is governed by nail pullout • Joint reinforcement does not affect out-of-plane performance • Single wall tests showed that current MSJC requirements result in good performance under Design Earthquake and even under Maximum Considered Earthquake • Analytical models are under development • Performance-Based Design Criteria are under development

38. FUTURE WORK FULL SCALE BUILDING - FALL 2008 Shaking Direction

39. COLLABORATING INSTITUTIONS Prof. Richard Klingner Seongwoo Jo Prof. Benson Shing Hussein Okail Prof. Mark McGinley Prof. Katherine Keane Prof. David McLean Charlena Grimes Prof. Sameer Hamoush

40. INDUSTRY FRIENDS

41. FUNDING AGENCIES Council For Masonry Research National Science Foundation United States

42. THANK YOU ?