1 / 45

Chapter 6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Chapter 6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds. 6.1 Ions: Transfer of Electrons Learning Goal Write the symbols for the simple ions of the representative elements. Compounds. Ionic bonds are formed when the valence electrons of a metal are transferred to atoms of nonmetals .

waldman
Download Presentation

Chapter 6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds 6.1 Ions: Transfer of Electrons Learning Goal Write thesymbols for the simple ions ofthe representative elements.

  2. Compounds • Ionic bonds are formed when the valence electrons of a metal are transferred to atoms of nonmetals. • Covalent bonds are formed when atoms of nonmetals share their valence electrons.

  3. Ionic and Molecular Compounds

  4. Formula and Names of Some Common Ions

  5. Learning Check Select the correct answer for aluminum. A. The electron change to obtain an octet is _____. (1) loss of 3 e− (2) gain of 3 e− (3) gain of 5 e − B. The charge of the aluminum ion is _____. (1) 3− (2) 5− (3) 3+ C. The symbol for the aluminum ion is _____. (1) Al3+ (2) Al3– (3) Al+

  6. Solution Select the correct answer for aluminum. A. The electron change to obtain an octet is _____. (1) loss of 3 e− B. The charge of the aluminum ion is _____. (3) 3+ C. The symbol for the aluminum ion is _____. (1) Al3+

  7. Chapter 6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds 6.2 Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds Learning Goal Using charge balance,write the correct formula for an ionic compound.

  8. Chemical Formulas of Ionic Compounds The sum of the ionic charges is always zero.

  9. Writing Ionic Formulas from Ionic Charges To write the formula of a compound that contains Na+ and S2− • metal ions are written first, followed by an ion from a nonmetal • two Na+ ions needed for charge balance are represented using a subscript in the formula • the subscript for the nonmetal S2− is 1 (it is understood and not written in the formula)

  10. Learning Check Select the correct formula for each of the following ionic compounds: A. Li+ and O2− (1) LiO (2) Li2O (3) LiO2 B. Al3+ and Cl− (1) AlCl3 (2) AlCl (3) Al3Cl C. Mg2+ and N3− (1) MgN (2) Mg2N3 (3) Mg3N2

  11. Solution Select the correct formula for each of the following ionic compounds: A. Li+ and O2− (2) Li2O B. Al3+ and Cl− (1) AlCl3 C. Mg2+ and N3− (3) Mg3N2

  12. Chapter 6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds 6.3 Naming Ionic Compounds Learning Goal Given the formula of anionic compound, write the correct name;given the name of an ionic compound,write the correct formula.

  13. Naming Ionic Compounds The name of an ionic compound has two components: • the name of the metal ion which is written first and is the same as its elemental name • the name of the nonmetal ion which is written last by using the first syllable of its element name followed by ide A space separates the name of the metal and nonmetal.

  14. Guide to Naming Ionic Compounds with Metals That Form a Single Ion

  15. Learning Check Select the correct name for each of the following ionic compounds. • CaS (1) calcium sulfur (2) calcide sulfur (3) calcium sulfide B. K2O (1) dipotassium oxide (2) potassium oxide (3) potassium oxygen

  16. Solution Select the correct name for each of the following ionic compounds. A. CaS (3) calcium sulfide B. K2O (2) potassium oxide

  17. Metals with Variable Charges For metals that form two or more different ions, a Roman numeral equal to the ionic charge is written in parentheses after the metal name. For example, • Fe2+ is named iron(II) • Fe3+ is named iron(III) • Cu+ is named copper(I)

  18. Guide to Naming Compounds with Variable Charge Metals

  19. Naming Compounds with VariableCharge Metals Step 1 Determine the charge of the cation from the anion.

  20. Naming Compounds with VariableCharge Metals Step 2 Name the cation by its element name, and use a Roman numeral in parentheses for the charge. Iron(III) Step 3 Name the anion by using the first syllable of its element name followed by ide. oxide

  21. Naming Compounds with VariableCharge Metals Step 4 Write the name for the cation first and the name for the anion second. Iron(III) oxide

  22. Learning Check Write the name for each of the following ionic compounds. A. Li2S B. SnCl2 C. Al2O3 D. ZnO

  23. Solution Write the name for each of the following ionic compounds. A. Li2S lithium sulfide B. SnCl2 tin(II) chloride C. Al2O3 aluminum oxide D. ZnO zinc oxide

  24. Chapter 6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds 6.4 Polyatomic Ions Learning Goal Write the nameand formula for an ionic compoundcontaining a polyatomic ion.

  25. Polyatomic Ions A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms with an overall ionic charge. NH4+ ammonium OH− hydroxide NO3−nitrate NO2− nitrite CO32− carbonate PO43−phosphate HCO3− hydrogen carbonate (or bicarbonate)

  26. Guide to Writing Formulas withPolyatomic Ions

  27. Learning Check Write the formula for aluminum bicarbonate.

  28. Solution Write the formula for aluminum bicarbonate. Step 1 Identify the cation and polyatomicion (anion). Cation Polyatomic Ion (anion) Al3+ HCO3−

  29. Solution Write the formula for aluminum bicarbonate. Step 2 Balance the charges.

  30. Solution Write the formula for aluminum bicarbonate. Step 3 Write the formula, cation first, using the subscripts from the charge balance. Al3+ + 3 HCO3− Al(HCO3)3 Aluminum + 3 Bicarbonate ions Aluminum bicarbonate

  31. Guide to Naming Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions

  32. Learning Check Name the following ionic compounds. A. Na3P B. CuSO4 C. Cr(ClO)3

  33. Solution Name the following ionic compounds. A. Na3P B. CuSO4 C. Cr(ClO)3

  34. Chapter 6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds 6.5 Molecular Compounds: Sharing Electrons Learning Goal Given the formula of amolecular compound, write its correctname; given the name of a molecularcompound, write its formula.

  35. Electron-Dot Formulas, Molecular Compounds

  36. Names and Formulas, Molecular Compounds

  37. Guide to Naming Molecular Compounds

  38. Learning Check Name the compound NCl3.

  39. Solution Name the compound NCl3. Step 1 Name the first nonmetal by its elemental name. In NCl3, the first nonmetal (N) is nitrogen. Step 2Name the second nonmetal by using the first syllable of its element name followed by ide. The second nonmetal (Cl) is chloride.

  40. Solution Name the compound NCl3. Step 3 Add prefixes to indicate the number of atoms (subscripts). Because there is one nitrogen atom, no prefix is needed. The subscript 3 for the Cl atoms is written as the prefix tri. The name of NCl3 is nitrogen trichloride.

  41. Writing Formulas from the Names of Molecular Compounds

  42. Learning Check Write the formula for the molecular compound, diboron trioxide.

  43. Solution Write the formula for the molecular compound, diboron trioxide. Step 1Write the symbols in the order of the elements in the name. B O Step 2 Write any prefixes as subscripts. B2O3

  44. Learning Check Name each of the following ionic or molecular compounds. A. BF3 B. OCl2 C. Al2O3 D. Ni3PO4

  45. Solution Name each of the following ionic or molecular compounds. A. BF3 boron trifluoride B. OCl2 oxygen dichloride C. Al2O3 aluminum oxide D. Ni3PO4 nickel(I) phosphate

More Related