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The Fascinating World of Chemicals in Life

Dive into the realm of organic matters and macromolecules that form the building blocks of organisms, with a focus on the unique properties of the water molecule. Discover how water's polarity, hydrogen bonding, and high heat capacity play crucial roles in various biological processes. Explore the significance of water as a universal solvent, its impact on life forms, and its involvement in reactions within cells.

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The Fascinating World of Chemicals in Life

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  1. Chemicals of life

  2. ‘Organisms’ are made from ‘Organic matters’

  3. The Macromolecules of cells

  4. The Unique Water molecule

  5. The water molecule is not linear linear V-shaped

  6. Polarity and hydrogen bond

  7. Polarity and hydrogen bond

  8. Polarity and hydrogen bond

  9. Result of regular arrangement of water molecules: ice crystals

  10. Peculiar Properties of water 1. Universal Solvent 2. High heat capacity, heat of fusion, heat of vaporizaton 3. Density & Freezing properties 4. Surface tension A waterstrider / pond skater demonstrates how cohesion (H-bonds) between water molecules allow it to move across water's surface.

  11. Water- an universal solvent ----- for polar and charged particles

  12. Water and oil are immiscible. “like dissolves like” oil (long hydrocarbon chain, non-polar) Vs water (polar, H-bonding)

  13. Fatty substances form membrane compartmentsin cells to allow different reactions to take place independently of one another

  14. High heat capacity, high heat of vaporization and fusion

  15. High specific heat capacity of water Precisely, water has to absorb 4.184 Joules of heat for the temperature of one gram of water to increase 1 degree Celsius (°C). For comparison sake, it only takes 0.385 Joules of heat to raise 1 gram of copper 1°C. On a world-wide scale. The oceans and lakes help regulate the temperature ranges in towns and cities.

  16. High heat capacity, high heat of vaporization and fusion

  17. high heat of vaporization

  18. Cohesion in water molecule

  19. Cohesion and surface tension

  20. Cohesion and water transport in plants

  21. Ice is less dense than water

  22. What would happen to life in the lake when the lake is frozen?

  23. Water as a reactant photosynthesis digestion

  24. Turgor and wilting Turgor loss in plants causes wilting Which can be reversed when the plant is watered

  25. Water- the habitat for many life forms

  26. Minerals in DNA – P, N,

  27. Minerals in functional molecules – haemoglobin, chlorophyll

  28. Minerals : Iron containing haem in haemoglobin holds oxygen

  29. Minerals - calcium

  30. Minerals- nerve activities: ions movements _ Na+, K+

  31. Monosaccharides with different no. of Carbon Carbohydrates

  32. Six-carbon sugars Common Monosaccharides

  33. Linear and Ring forms

  34. Alpha and beta form of glucose

  35. Interconversion of Mono-- Di--polysaccharides

  36. Condensation / dehydration synthesis

  37. Disaccharides

  38. Reducing and non-reducing sugars

  39. Test for reducing sugars

  40. Sugars are sweet! How sweet is it? Sugar Relative sweetness  to sucrose lactose 0.16 galactose 0.32 maltose 0.33 sucrose 1.0 fructose 1.73 aspartame 180 saccharin 450

  41. Polysaccharide-starch

  42. helical structure of starch

  43. Starch grains in plant cells

  44. Glycogen: an animal polysaccharide Glycogen granules Mitochondria 0.5 µm Glycogen

  45. Cellulose- a structural material

  46. LE 5-7 a Glucose b Glucose a and b glucose ring structures Starch: 1–4 linkage of a glucose monomers. Cellulose: 1–4 linkage of b glucose monomers.

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