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Cross Sectional Anatomy. Chris Kowtko, MSRS, R.T. (R)(M). ABDOMEN. Musculo-Skeletal System Psoas muscle Crura of Diaphragm Vertebra Ilium Pubic Ribs. ABDOMEN. Digestive system Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Accessory organs Liver & gall bladder Bile ducts
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Cross Sectional Anatomy Chris Kowtko, MSRS, R.T. (R)(M)
ABDOMEN • Musculo-Skeletal System • Psoas muscle • Crura of Diaphragm • Vertebra • Ilium • Pubic • Ribs
ABDOMEN • Digestive system • Esophagus • Stomach • Small intestine • Large intestine • Accessory organs • Liver & gall bladder • Bile ducts • Pancreas
Esophagus • Anterior to vertebral bodies; aorta • Posterior & medial to stomach • Stomach • Fundus-superior to EG junction; very posterior • Body-more anterior than fundus • Pylorus-retroperitoneal & medial
Small Intestine • Duodenum-retroperitoneal • Jejunum-anterior midabdomen • Ileum-anterior in pelvis • Large intestine • Cecum-retroperitoneal • Ascending colon-retroperitoneal • Hepatic flexure-posterior • Transverse colon-most anterior • Splenic flexure-most superior
Descending colon-retroperitoneal • Sigmoid colon-anterior • Rectum-retroperitoneal
Accessory Organs • Liver • Right lobe • Left lobe • Quadrate lobe • Caudate lobe • Falciform ligament • Ligamentum venosum
Gall bladder • Pancreas • Head • Tail • Body
Lymphatic System • Spleen • LUQ • Posterior to stomach
Endocrine System • Adrenal Glands • Retroperitoneal • Superior poles of kidneys
Urinary System • Kidneys • Ureters • Urinary Bladder • Urethra
Kidneys Retroperitoneal Cortex-doughnut Rt-post. to liver Lt-post. to stomach, pancreas, spleen
Ureters • Retroperitoneal • Ant. to IIA & IIV; Post. to EIA & EIV • Urinary Bladder • Post. to symphysis • Urethra
Arterial Phase Venous Phase Hepatic-Portal system Veins larger in diameter Upper abd-Veins anterior to arteries Lower abd/Pelvis-arteries anterior to veins Vascular System
ABDOMEN • Abdominal Aorta • Fairly midline • Celiac Trunk • Branches: • Left Gastric • Splenic artery • Hepatic artery
Superior Mesenteric Artery • Just below Celiac • Same level as Lt renal vein entering IVC
Renal Arteries • Inferior to SMA • Rt-longer • Lt-superior to Rt
Common Iliac Arteries • Bifurcation of Aorta • Level of L4 • Superior to formation of IVC
Internal iliac arteries • Posterior to external • External iliac arteries • IIA posterior to EIA
ABDOMEN • Venous Phase • Inferior vena cava • Renal v. • Common iliac v. • Internal iliac v. • External iliac v. • Hepatic-Portal System • Hepatic v. • Portal v. • Splenic v. • Superior mesentaric v. • Inferior mesentaric v.
Internal & External Iliac veins • Common Iliac veins
Inferior Vena Cava • Ascends on Rt side of Aorta • Largest vein • Retroperitoneal
Renal veins • Lateral aspects of IVC • Lt-longer; Anterior to aorta
Hepatic veins • Drain into IVC • Superior to Portal vein • Most superior of liver vessels
Hepatic Portal System • Porta Hepatis • Portal vein: • IMV • SMV • Splenic vein
CHEST • Cardiovascular System • Heart • Great vessels • Aorta • Superior vena cava • Inferior vena cava • Pulmonary artery • Pulmonary vein • Respiratory System • Trachea • Primary bronchii • R & L lung
Respiratory System • Trachea • Primary bronchii • R & L lung
Heart • 4 chambers • Right atrium • Right ventricle • Left atrium • Left ventricle
Right Atrium • most superior • Right Ventricle • most anterior • Left Atrium • most posterior • Left ventricle • most inferior
Arterial Phase • Aortic arch • Brachiocephalic a. • R Common carotid a. • R Subclavian a. • L Common carotid a. • L Subclavian a.
Aortic Arch • Ascending Aorta • Descending Aorta
Venous Phase • Superior vena cava • R & L Brachiocephalic v.
Pulmonary Phase • Pulmonary trunk/artery • R & L Pulmonary Arteries
Pulmonary veins • 2 from Right • 2 from Left