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Leaf Structure

Leaf Structure. Vascular plants. Leaf Boundaries. Lower Epidermis Layer of cells that forms the bottom of the leaf Upper Epidermis Layer of cells that forms the top of the leaf Cuticle Thick, waxy layer on exposed cells of epidermis; protects against water loss & injury.

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Leaf Structure

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  1. Leaf Structure Vascular plants

  2. Leaf Boundaries • Lower Epidermis • Layer of cells that forms the bottom of the leaf • Upper Epidermis • Layer of cells that forms the top of the leaf • Cuticle • Thick, waxy layer on exposed cells of epidermis; protects against water loss & injury

  3. Mesophyll- palisade layer + spongy layer; where photosynthesis takes place • Palisade layer • Tall, column-shaped cells just under the upper epidermis • Spongy layer • Loose tissue beneath palisade layer; air spaces between cells

  4. Air space • Open space in between cells in the spongy layer • Chloroplasts • Organelle in plant cells that captures energy from sunlight & converts it to chemical energy

  5. Do the cells of the Epidermis have chloroplasts?

  6. Stoma (plural = stomata) Opening in underside of leaf; allows CO2 & O2 to diffuse in & out Guard cells Controls the opening & closing of stomata by responding to changes in water pressure Specialized parts in the lower epidermis

  7. What happens if the stomata stay open all the time? • Transpiration • Loss of water through leaves when stomata open

  8. Vein (vascular bundle)-cluster of vascular tissues (xylem + phloem) • Xylem • Carries water upward from roots to every part of the plant • Phloem • Transports nutrients down produced by photosynthesis (food)

  9. Vein & vascular tissue • What does water pressure have to do with water circulation through the plant? Hint: what part of the leaf responds to water pressure?

  10. Deep thoughts: • What weather conditions might cause more transpiration to occur? How about less? • What specific carbohydrate does phloem carry down? • Why is there air space in between spongy layer cells?

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