World War II

1. World War II

2. China • Nationalistic forces in 1920’s winning against warlords • Kuomintang [Nationalists] led by Chiang Kai Shek • Japan fears growing strength of China

3. 5 Powers Treaty1921-22 • France, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, United States. • Established a ratio for the size of each navy • Ten-year ban on the building of warships • Restrictions on submarine warfare • Outlawed poisonous gas.

4. Locarno Pact1925 • Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, and Poland • Collectively agreed to common boundaries specified in Treaty of Versailles of 1919 • Defense pacts with France and Poland and France and Czechoslovakia • Germany promised entry into League of Nations

5. Kellogg-Briand Pact1930 • Aristide Briand – Foreign Minister of France • Kellogg – US Secretary of State, Calvin Coolidge • Renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy • Signed outside of League of Nations so did not perish with League

6. Japan“Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere” • 1930’s military buildup • Manchuria- September 1931 • Lytton Commission • Japan withdraws from League of Nations

8. China Proper • July 7, 1937 • Chinese and Japanese troops in minor squirmish • Punitive expedition by Japan followed • Bombing of cities • By 1945 - 20 million dead

9. Nanking • December 1937 • Atrocities • 40,000 slaughtered

10. Italy and Ethiopia • October 1935 • Haile Selassie— “It is us today, it will be you tomorrow.” • Italy leaves League of Nations • Attacks against civilians • Bombing cities • Poison gas

12. Spain and Civil War1936-1939 • 1931-King Alfonso abdicates—Republic created • Falange—Franco and Nationalists • Republic supporters Loyalists • International Brigades • Fifth Column

13. Training ground for German/Italian air forces Bombing of civilian towns – Guernica Franco refuses to join Axis powers during war and is dictator for decades

14. Light of God Brutality Mother and Child People

15. Germany • Beer Hall Putsch—Munich • Hitler arrested for treason where he writes “My Struggle”

16. Rhineland • 1926 Germany joins League of Nations • 1930 end of Allied occupation • October 1933 Germany withdraws from League of Nations • First concentration camps built for political prisoners 1933 • Einstein leaves Germany 1933 • March 1936 Hitler seizes Rhineland in violation of Treaty of Versailles • German military ready to withdraw at signs of resistance

17. Rome-Berlin Axis • October 1936 • Japan later joins Axis powers

18. United States Role Neutrality Act 1937

19. Isolationists

20. 1935 Nuremberg Laws

21. Anschluss • March 1938 • League of Nations does nothing • 6 million Germans added to Reich

22. German “Police” Enter Austria

23. Czechoslovakia • Only democratic nation in central Europe - prosperous • Sudetenland annexed September 1938 • Adds 3 million Germans and many minorities to Reich • Munich Conference 1938 • Britain convinces France to abandon alliance with Czechoslovakia • Chamberlain “Peace in our Time”

24. Kristallnacht November 9-10, 1938 30,000 Jews sent to concentration camps

25. Mussolini takes Albania – April 1939 • Britain and France pledge to protect Poland

26. Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact • August 1939 • Secret negotiations • Days later Germans invade Poland

27. Polish Corridor • September 1, 1939 • Annexed Danzig • Attack Poland • September 3—war declared by Britain and France • Blitzkrieg • Within one month Poland is partitioned

28. Blitzkrieg

29. France and Britain dig in behind Maginot Line expecting a repeat of WWI

30. Phony War • Mobilization • Soviets invade Poland • Finland falls 1940 • On to the Baltic States • Sitzkrieg • USSR expelled from League of Nations Heroic efforts to stop Germans

31. Invasion of Denmark and Norway Ends Phony WarApril 1940 Quisling

32. Churchill replaces Chamberlain May 10, 1940

33. Germany Continues • May-June 1940 Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg fall • Outflanks Maginot Line

34. Battle of Dunkirk • May-June 1940 • Massive evacuation of over 300,000 from coast to England

35. Paris Falls • June 5, 1940 • Maginot Line fails • Italy invades from the south • June 22, 1940 Henri Petain – forms Vichy [puppet] government • France divided into Occupied France and Vichy France • Free French Government-De Gaulle • June 10, 1940 Italy enters war

36. Battle of BritainOperation Sea Lion • August 1940 - Germany attacked all major cities and military installations for nearly two years • Royal Air Force • “Radar" • Germans lost 2,375 planes compared to 800 British planes

37. Lend-Lease ActMarch 1941

38. Eastern Europe • Italy – our sea • Germany – Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary • Germany targets Greece • Parachutes

39. Russia • Russians demand Bulgaria, Istanbul, Dardanelles and Bosporus as spheres of influence • Hitler wants all of Europe • Why not take Britain? • What does Russia need?

40. New Order Aryan Race

41. Final Solution • 1941 • Extermination of all Jews in Europe • Dachau • Holocaust

43. Operation Barbarossa • June 22, 1941 • “Scorched Earth” • Winter Approaches

44. Atlantic Charter • Secret meeting August 1941

45. Provisions of Charter • Sought no territorial gains • People would have to consent to territorial change • Respect right to choose form of government • All nations should have equal rights to trade and raw material • economic cooperation to ensure decent standard of living

46. Charter Continued • Right for all people to be free from want and fear • Freedom of the seas should be guaranteed • Need to international organization so that nations could abolish use of force and ensure general security

47. Siege of Leningrad900 Daysbeginning in 1941

48. US Enters War • Pearl Harbor bombed December 7, 1941 • Philippines and Guam attacked same day • US declares war December 8 • Germany and Italy declare war December 10

50. North Africa • General Rommel - Afrika Korps • Goal – Suez Canal and sever Britain’s ties to its Asian empire • Advances towards Alexandria • Hitler also fighting Russia