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Quick Review on Key Terms: Genotype, Phenotype, Dominant, Recessive, Allele, Punnett Square

This quick review discusses key terms related to genetics and evolution, including genotype, phenotype, dominant and recessive traits, alleles, and Punnett Square. It also addresses common misconceptions about evolution and provides an overview of Darwin's Theory of Evolution, natural selection, and artificial selection. Additionally, it explores the concept of mutations and their role in genetic variation.

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Quick Review on Key Terms: Genotype, Phenotype, Dominant, Recessive, Allele, Punnett Square

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  1. Quick Review on Key Terms -genotype -phenotype -dominant -recessive -allele -Punnett Square

  2. Misconceptions about Evolution Ted Ed • Evolution does not tell us about how life first appeared on Earth • Individuals do not evolve. Only populations can evolve. • Not all changes are “good” • Changes that happen to a person in their lifetime do not always get passed on to their children • Evolution is not a ladder working towards a better species

  3. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution • the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms. • Evolution = change over time

  4. Natural Selection Organisms that are best adapted to an environment survive and reproduce more than others.

  5. Artificial Selection Intentionally breeding plants or animals that have a desired characteristic. Example: All breeds of dogs came from a single original species

  6. So, who selects which traits are “most desirable” in natural selection….? NOBODY!! Individuals with traits that are best adapted for the current environment are the ones that survive to reproduce and pass their genes on to the next generation. Organisms that don’t have the beneficial traits either die or don’t have as many offspring. Natural Selection is Survival of the Fittest

  7. Evolution and Natural Selection are related: Natural Selection --favored traits in a species become more common over many generations --less favored traits are eliminated when those individuals die. leads to: EVOLUTION (change over time)

  8. Mutations • Mutations are random genetic changes that happen in DNA • Occur from mistakes that happen when DNA is being copied • For example: Your DNA has about 175 mutations compared to your parents. • Sometimes you notice mutation, other times it has no effect

  9. Mutations aren’t “good” or “bad”It just depends on the environment the organism lives in • Harmful: • Cause diseases or deformities • Makes them less fit to survive • Helpful: • organism is more fit to survive • Neutral: • organism is unaffected

  10. Learning about Artificial Selection Learn about artificial selection HERE. • In your small group, CREATE A LIST of organisms whose genetics have been influenced by artificial selection. Rules: • Organisms must be living and capable of reproduction • Cite your sources so we can look it up if needed • All subgroups of a larger group only count as 1 (ex: 2 types of dogs) • Your group will ONLY get points for organisms that are not also on anyone else’s list! Quickly talk with a neighbor and then WRITE on your paper: What are the benefits to artificial selection? What are some possible negative consequences of artificial selection?

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