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Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. It is all about ATP!. And MITOCHONDRIA!!. Start with an overview. We will look at what happens to glucose, but other foods, like fats and proteins can also be broken down in cellular respiration. C 6 H 12 O 6 +60 2  6CO 2 + 6 H 2 0. Mitochondria!!. GLYCOLYSIS.

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. Cellular Respiration

  2. It is all about ATP! And MITOCHONDRIA!!

  3. Start with an overview

  4. We will look at what happens to glucose, but other foods, like fats and proteins can also be broken down in cellular respiration

  5. C6H12O6 +602 6CO2 + 6 H20 Mitochondria!!

  6. GLYCOLYSIS Anaerobic Aerobic Without oxygen With oxygen Some bacteria yeast animal, plant Citric Acid Cycle Lactic acid fermentation Electron transport chain Alcoholic fermentation

  7. A point to remember: Cellular respiration is going to tear glucose apart, bit by bit, removing the energy in this sugar and putting that energy into ATP

  8. GLYCOLYSIS It always starts with glycolysis

  9. I can describe the process of glycolysis, including its products and its location. • What is the breakdown of glucose into two pyruvic acid called? • Where does glycolysis occur? • How many ATP are used in glycolysis? • How many ATP are produced? • How many NADH are produced in glycolysis? • How much oxygen is consumed in glycolysis?

  10. Overall - glycolysis begins with glucose and splits it into two pyruvic acids This requires 2 ATP But later in the process 4, ATP are formed H atoms and high energy electrons are also removed and picked up by 2NAD+ to form 2 NADH LT 1

  11. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell It requires no oxygen – it is anaerobic There is a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH The energy in these molecules came from sugar LT 1

  12. Next step This is an intermediate step that has no name, so call it ‘the formation of acetyl-CoA’ The pyruvic acidenters the mitochondrion. LT 2

  13. I can describe the formation of acetyl Co-A and its location. • What happens to the C that is removed from pyruvate in this process? • Where does the acetyl group come from • What is the purpose of Acetyl Co-A formation? • What is Co-enzyme A? • Where is acetyl-Co-A formed? • How many NADH are formed? • What happens to Co-enzyme A after is delivers the acetyl group to the Kreb’s cycle? • removed from pyruvate in this process?

  14. Parts of the mitochondrion Outer compartment Matrix aka inner compartment LT3

  15. Formation of acetyl-CoA and the citric acid cycle in the matrix. • ETC on the cristae

  16. Formation of acetyl-CoA • In this step, CO2 is removedfrom pyruvic acid to form a 2 C compound. • Whathappens to the CO2? • The new compound formed is called the acetyl-group - 2 carbons LT2

  17. Coenzyme A (made fromVitamin B5) • Grabs the acetyl group and carries it to the next step - the Kreb’s cycle. • How manycarbons are in the acetyl group? LT2

  18. Also remove electrons and H to make 1 NADH

  19. NEXT STEP - The Citric acid cycle - AKA Kreb’s Cycle

  20. Where? In the inner compartment or matrix LT 3

  21. What? The citricacid cycle, alsoknown as the Kreb’s Cycle. LT 3

  22. Acetyl CoA drops off the acetyl group, where it combines with a 4 carbon compound. (known as oxaloaceticacid) LT 3

  23. The Coenzyme A (CoA) goes back to findanother acetyl group. LT 3

  24. The acetyl group and the 4 carbon compound combine to formcitricacid. How many C were in the acetyl group? 2 LT 3

  25. Title How manycarbons are in citricacid? 6 LT 3

  26. Title Now, the 2 C that were a part of the acetyl group are going to beripped off, 1 by 1 in the form of CO2. LT 3

  27. Title H and highenergyelectrons are removed, forming 3 more NADH. Another H and highenergyelectrons are removed, forming a new molecule, FADH2 LT 3

  28. Title • And there is an ATP formed in the citricacid cycle!! LT 3

  29. End result of citricacid cycle: • The acetyl group is totallytornapart! • 2 CO2 • 1 ATP • 3 NADH • 1 FADH And this is justfrom 1 acetyl group LT 3

  30. 1 glucose results in 2 citric acid cycles! LT 3

  31. What have we made from ONE glucose molecule?

  32. We have made 4 ATP so far, but could make as much as 36 – 38 ATP. Where is the energy that will result in all of this ATP? And what step of cellular respiration will make this ATP?

  33. We said that this portion of cellular respiration in aerobic. How much oxygen has been used so far? What step of cellular respiration requires O2?

  34. There’s only 1 step left!! LT 5

  35. The Electron Transport Chain!! – located on the inner membrane of the mitochondria LT 5

  36. Cells that use a lot of energy have a lot of cristae (folds) in their mitochondria. The more folds, the more space there is for more ETC’s to generate more ATP

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