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CONTOUR LINES…

CONTOUR LINES…. …lines to show elevation and the shape of the land. Relief. The representation of the shapes of hills, valleys, streams and other features of the earth’s surface

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CONTOUR LINES…

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  1. CONTOUR LINES… …lines to show elevation and the shape of the land

  2. Relief • The representation of the shapes of hills, valleys, streams and other features of the earth’s surface • Can be represented by colors for different elevations (called layer tinting), form (dashed) lines to show the basic shape of land, and shading (where the darker the color, the steeper the land) • Most often, relief is shown by CONTOUR LINES

  3. What are contour lines? • Imaginary lines on the ground that represent the same elevation above or below sea level • All points on a contour line are the same elevation

  4. Three types of contour lines • Index lines are the HEAVY or DARK colored contours, generally every fifth contour line; they show an elevation number; often every 100 ft • Four intermediate contour lines fall between the index contours and do NOT show their elevation; often 20 ft • Supplementary contour lines are generally DASHED lines that show one-half the contour interval; often 10 ft

  5. Determining an elevation • Find the contour interval on the marginal map info • Find the nearest INDEX contour and its elevation • Determine if you are going lower or higher to the contour line you are concerned about • Count up or down (generally by 20s) to determine the correct elevation

  6. Benchmarks • Sometimes, you will see a notation such as X BM 214 on a map. That means that map makers have measured that particular spot on the earth’s surface to be exactly 214 feet above sea level

  7. Types of slopes • There are a number of different slopes you can see on a topographic map by noticing the shape of the contour lines: • A uniform gentle slope • A uniform steep slope • A concave slope • A convex slope • The following pictures show you what the slopes look like on the ground and what they look like on a topographic map

  8. Uniform, gentle slope

  9. Uniform, steep slope

  10. Concave slope

  11. Convex slope

  12. Here are some other major terrain features and what they look like on a map and in picture form…

  13. Ridgeline

  14. Hill

  15. Saddle

  16. Depression

  17. Valley

  18. Ridge

  19. Draw

  20. Spur

  21. Cliff

  22. Cut and fill

  23. Identify terrain features by SOSES • Shape of the feature at its base • Orientation of the object from your viewpoint • Size of the feature • Elevation of the feature • Slope of the sides of the feature

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