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THE FEDERAL COURT SYSTEM. LOWER FEDERAL COURTS: CONSTITUTIONAL COURTS Federal District Courts Federal Court of Appeals The U.S. Court of International Trade. FEDERAL DISTRICT COURTS. 94 districts Criminal and civil federal cases 2 Types of Juries in Federal Cases
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THE FEDERAL COURT SYSTEM LOWER FEDERAL COURTS: CONSTITUTIONAL COURTS Federal District Courts Federal Court of Appeals The U.S. Court of International Trade
FEDERAL DISTRICT COURTS • 94 districts • Criminal and civil federal cases 2 Types of Juries in Federal Cases • Grand Jury: 16 to 23 people who hear the charges against a person • Indictment: formal accusation charging a person with a crime resulting in a trial • Petit Jury: 6 or 12 members • Magistrate issues the warrant • U.S. Marshals make arrests, secure jurors and keep order in the courtroom
Federal Court of Appeals • Created to ease the appeals workload of the Supreme Court • 12 Judicial Circuits (regions) • 13th Court • Panel of 3 Judges 3 Potential Decisions: • Uphold the original decision • Reverse the original decision • Send the case back to the lower court to be tried again
THE COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE • Jurisdiction over cases involving tariffs • National Court based in NYC • Will hear cases in other major port cities including New Orleans and San Francisco