Back to Basics, 2012 POPULATION HEALTH : Vital & Health Statistics

1. Back to Basics, 2012POPULATION HEALTH :Vital & Health Statistics Presented by N. Birkett, MD Epidemiology & Community Medicine

2. 78.1: VITAL STATISTICS INFORMATION • What are the key causes of illness or death in Canada? • Common things are common • using epidemiology can help you run a better clinical practice • How have disease incidence and mortality changed in Canada in the past 20 years? • Little good information on disease incidence except for reportable diseases and cancer (cancer registries)

3. TOPICS • Demography, population dynamics • Mortality • Morbidity • Summary measures of population health • Aboriginal health

4. Population Dynamics, 2007

5. World Health Report, 2006 (data mostly from 2004)

6. Population Pyramids • Canada, 1901-2001 • Ontario 1901-2001 • Ontario 1956-2006 • Newfoundland 1949-2001 • Yukon 1901-2001

7. General (All-Causes) Mortality

8. # deaths in Canada from 1979-2004; men and women.

9. Mortality RATES in Canada from 1979-2004; men and women.

10. Infant Mortality, 1935-2005

12. 12

14. Cause-Specific Mortality

15. Leading causes of death (2004) • Cancer: 30% • Lung cancer: 9% (M); 8% (W) • Breast cancer: 5% (W) • Prostate cancer: 3% (M) • Cardiovascular disease: 28% • Ischemic heart disease: 17% • Other circulatory disease: 5% • Stroke 6% • Respiratory Disease: 7% • Injuries: 4% • Diabetes: 4% • Alzheimer’s: 2%

16. CANCER: 30.3% Circ Disease: 27.6% † † Pneumonia & influenza grouped with respiratory disease. Would increase infectious % to about 3.4%.

17. CANCER: 29.8% Circ Disease: 29.0% EXTERNAL CAUSES: 4.8%+ { † † † Pneumonia & influenza grouped with respiratory disease. Would increase infectious % to about 3.5%.

18. CANCER: 31.6% Circ Disease: 27.3% EXTERNAL CAUSES: 3.4%+ { † † † Pneumonia & influenza grouped with respiratory disease. Would increase infectious % to about 3.3%.

20. Overall trends in mortality from Cancer 1976-2005: MALES

21. Overall trends in mortality from Cancer 1976-2005: FEMALES

22. Cancer and AgeAge-Specific Mortality Rates for All Cancers by Sex, Canada, 2003 Surveillance Division, CCDPC, Public Health Agency of Canada

23. Cancer and AgeAge-Specific Incidence Rates for All Cancers by Sex, Canada, 2003 Surveillance Division, CCDPC, Public Health Agency of Canada

24. Time trends in MalesIncidence Mortality

25. Time trends in FemalesIncidence Mortality

30. Income Inequalities in Health

32. 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Income adequacy quintiles Remaining Life Expectancy at age 25. Based on 10-year follow-up to 1991 census Women Men

33. Remaining life expectancy at age 25 (conditional on surviving to age 25), 1991-2001

34. Probability of survival to age 75 (conditional on surviving to age 25), 1991-2001

35. Summary Measures of Population Health Combine mortality and a measure of morbidity

36. Summary Measures ofPopulation Health

37. 2001 Life Expectancy andHealth-Adjusted Life Expectancy • HALE always < LE • Females live longer (but gap is narrowing) • Females suffer more morbidity

38. Disability-Adjusted Life-Years Lost

39. Impact of Chronic Diseases

40. Which Chronic Diseases?

41. Deaths vs Prevalence, Canada

42. Aboriginal Health

43. Population Pyramids

44. Age-specific Fertility Rates

45. Percentage of Live Births by Age Group of Mother

46. Crude Mortality Rate

47. Age-adjusted Mortality Rate

48. Age-specific Mortality Ratio

49. Life Expectancy at Birth in Years, by Sex

50. Leading Causes of Death (age-standardized)