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The Impact of Heart Disease on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders

The Impact of Heart Disease on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. Background Reports. From “Addressing Cardiovascular Health in Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders: A Background Report” NIH Publication No. 00-3647

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The Impact of Heart Disease on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders

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  1. The Impact of Heart Disease on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders

  2. Background Reports From “Addressing Cardiovascular Health in Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders: A Background Report” NIH Publication No. 00-3647 “Asian American and Pacific Islander Workshops Summary Report on Cardiovascular Health” NIH Publication No. 00-3793 For more information, contact: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Health Information Network P.O. Box 30105, Bethesda, MD 20824-0105 Tel: (301) 592-8573 Fax: (301) 592-8563 www.nhlbi.nih.gov

  3. Ethnic Distribution of the Asian American and Pacific Islander Population, United States, 1990 Source: U.S. Bureau of Census, 1992.

  4. Asian American Population for Selected Groups, 1990 (excludes Pacific Islanders) OTHER 9%: Cambodian 2% Thai 1% Hmong 1% Other Asian 4% Source: U.S. Bureau of Census, We the Americans: Asians, 1993.

  5. Pacific Islander Population, 1990 (Excludes Asian Americans) Source: U.S. Bureau of Census, 1993.

  6. Breaking the “Model Minority Myth” Asian American and Pacific Islander Poverty Rates, 1990 Source: U.S. Census, 1992

  7. Breaking the “Model Minority Myth” Asian American and Pacific Islander Per Capita Income, 1990 Source: U.S. Census, 1992.

  8. Heart Disease asPercentage of All Deaths *Heart disease is the leading cause of death Source: National Vital Statistics System, CDC, NCHS, 1994.

  9. Selected 1995 Age-AdjustedDeath Rates Source: Anderson, 1998.

  10. Age-Adjusted Heart DiseaseDeath Rates for Hawaiians Source: Look MA & Braun KL, 1995.

  11. AAPI CV Health Status: Risk Factors High Blood Pressure • Low levels of awareness and control • Very little awareness among Cambodian, Laotian, and Vietnamese immigrants • Significantly higher levels among Filipino Americans • Significantly lower blood pressure screening rates among AAPIs

  12. AAPI CV Health Status: Risk Factors High Blood Cholesterol • Low blood cholesterol screening rates • Highest in Japanese men and women vs. other AAPI ethnic groups • Cholesterol levels are lower in Asian countries than in Western countries

  13. AAPI CV Health Status: Risk Factors Cigarette Smoking • Highest rates among Southeast Asians • Southeast Asian males start smoking early in life • High tobacco use among Korean men in California

  14. AAPI CV Health Status: Risk Factors Obesity • Overweight and obesity are prevalent among Pacific Islanders • Native Hawaiians and Samoans are among the most obese people in the world • Molokai Heart Study (Native Hawaiians): 64% were obese

  15. AAPI CV Health Status: Risk Factors Obesity (cont.) • BMI levels for selected Samoan population subgroups* Men (BMI) Women (BMI) Western Samoan 26 28 Hawaii 31 33 California 35 34 American Samoa 30 33 * NOTE: BMI > 30 is obese; BMI of 25-29 is overweight

  16. AAPI CV Health Status: Risk Factors Physical Inactivity • AAPIs engage in less physical activity compared to the general population • Korean Americans in California are less likely to exercise than the general Californian population

  17. AAPI CV Health Status: Risk Factors Diabetes • Highly prevalent among Pacific Islanders • Higher risk for Native Hawaiians vs. other Hawaiian groups • Guam’s death rate is 5 times higher than U.S. mainland • One of the leading causes of death in American Samoa

  18. Diet-Related Characteristics • Migration patterns affect diet • Eating habits change among Korean students • Filipinos: food high in salt increased risk for hypertension

  19. Diet-Related Characteristics(cont.) • Some groups maintain strong ties to traditional diet • Micronesia: deaths due to CVD and diabetes have been attributed to poor diet

  20. Designing Culturally Appropriate Community-Based Programs Strategies • Establish trust with the community • Integrate a health topic within a comfortable setting • Address the community’s priority issues first • Recognize cultural factors may affect improved health outcomes

  21. Designing Culturally Appropriate Community-Based Programs Strategies • Use compelling and accurate data • Develop a cadre of knowledgeable lay counselors • Establish alliances and coalitions • Provide culturally sensitive and linguistically appropriate materials

  22. Designing Culturally Appropriate Community-Based Programs Strategies • Use cultural themes and symbols • Determine the role of public policy • Be prepared to respond to changing needs of the population (e.g., use consumer feedback)

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