Tourist guide of the Region of Murcia

1. Tourist guide of the Region of Murcia By Sergio Buendía Cros

2. Prehistory. •Prehistory is the period before the beginning of history, ranging from the appearance of human beings until the invention of writing. Prehistory is divided into two stages: the Stone Age and the Age of Metals. - The Metal Age is the period from about the fourth and first millennium BC in Spain. The Metal Age is divided into three stages: Copper Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age. - Paleolithic and Neolithic : Although some evidence that show the human presence in the region have been recovered in recent years, since at least 300,000 years ago. Neanderthals, found in the Cabezo Gordo (Torre Pacheco) or La Encarnación (Caravaca). In recent years important vestiges of the Palaeolithic cave art haveappeared in three cavities called George cave, in Cieza . In addition to this, the region of Murcia is one of the most privileged areas of the peninsula in postpaleolític rock art manifestations, whose stations are distributed from the sets of Monte Arabí (Yecla) until the of the Comarca del Noroeste, emphasizing between all the of songs of visor (Yecla), House, the Mojao and uncle Labrador (Lorca) the Peliciego, singing, good air and Calesica (Jumilla), the Barranco de los Grajos .

3. Homo heidelbergensis-Cranium in Atapuerca. (Paleolitico) Cave painting Pintura rupestre en lacueva de la paloma (Neolitic)

4. Age of metals Hill of the vineyards in Lorca Cerro de las viñas en Lorca (Bronze age) Mazarron in Cartagena (Spain). Mazarron en Cartagena (España) (The Iron age) Oinochoes ibericos murcia (The Iron age)(Phoenicians and Iberians)

5. Romanization. - The only source of historians to study the Romanization of the region ofFortunais archaeology, and there are no references in classical authors in this area, limited mostly to Carthago Nova and its immediate surroundings. The remains located in Fortuna, in the vicinity of the Baths of Fortuna, are dated to the beginning of s. I A.D. Roman Theatre Teatro Romano

6. The visigoths and the Byzantines Information: - After the demise of the Roman Empire, the Visigoths took control of the province, had struggles between Kings and nobles, and the Visigoth nobleman Athanagild requested assistance to the Byzantine Empire. - Two figures stand out in the politics and culture of the Visigoths: San Leandro and San Isidoro. - The Byzantines rebuilt the walls of Cartagena.

7. Archaeological remains: The Basilica of Algezares. 6th century.

8. Islam • The name refers to Theodemir, the Visigothic dux who ruled these lands from Orihuela. • During the peaceful period of the Caliphate, from 929 to 1031, the city of Mursiya grew, prospered and acquired importance. This flourishing period it was braking with the taifa period. • After the unification of Al - Andalus by the Almoravids, later emerged the second Taifa kingdoms. At this time, Murcia reached great hegemony through on Mardanish, the Wolf King, who maintained friendly relations with the Kingdom of Castile • In 1172 the Almohads took Murcia, last city they had conquered Al - Andalus. However, after the defeat of las Navas de Tolosa, his power came again in crisis, producing an anti-Almohade uprising in the Valley of Ricote in 1228,

9. Pool Arab (13th century), the courtyard to the Alcázar of Murcia (region of Murcia, Spain). Museum of Santa Clara.

10. Muslim Murcia: - At the beginning of 713 Muslim troops, commanded by Abdelaziz, penetrated in the current region of Murcia and defeated the Visigoths. - The autonomy of the Cora of Todmir was suppressed by the Abderraman I, at the end of the 18th century.What originated strong revolts of the Mozarabs. The main wealth at that time was agriculture, increasing the irrigation with the norias and the walls and tower of Lorca. Noria de Alcantarilla The walls and towers of Lorca.

11. Christian Murcia • - In 1243, the Emir of Murcia signed the capitulation of Alcaraz and became a vassal of Fernando II. In exchange of his protection, Castile obtained an exit to Mediterranean Sea. • - Alfonso X began reforestation and land Christianization of Murcia. • The Mudejar revolt against Castile. • The stability was favored by the establishment of military orders. • Also it was organizing the territory. The land in councils corollas land belonging to the kingdom of Murcia were colonised by people from all over the Peninsula and parts of Europe. • For example the Tower of • homage of the castle of Moratalla:

12. Murcia in the era of the Catholic Kings • Our Kingdom suffered large oscillations due to the war of Granada during the reign of the Catholic monarchs. • The conquest of Granada in 1492 increased the population and there was a development and improvement of economy. • The Mediterranean coast of the Mar Menor was insecure due to the action of the North African. • The Kingdom of Murcia was ruled by the Kings. They pointed out: Pedro Fajardo y Juan Chacón.

13. The lighthouse of Cabo de Palos, 16 Th century

14. 16 Th century in Murcia • The war of the communities and the lifting of the moriscos of Granada in 1568 affected to Murcia, especially in Lorca, who was border. • At the end of the 15th century the population grew. • It remained an important group of moriscos population in the region. • Cartagena had an important port of Castile and Lorca, Moratalla Caravaca, mule, Cieza, Jumilla and Yecla were primarily agricultural towns and market centres, it was a wealth and it occupied most of the Murcia.

15. - The more important industry was the textile, highlight the silk and the official product was aluminiesof Mazarron. - 16Th century there were major droughts. Sanctuary of the Holy in Totana Santuario de la santa en Totana Castle of jumilla Astillo de Jumilla

16. Church of el Salvador in Caravaca. Iglesia delSalvador, en Caravaca de la cruz

17. Bibliography and web links: • Corence Rure, T., (Coord.), Geografía e Historia, 2º ESO, Madrid, 2007. • http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_la_Regi%C3%B3n_de_Murcia

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