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Cults Appealing to Slaves: Helper Gods, Liminal Gods, and Household Worship

Explore the cults that specifically attract slaves, including helper gods like Apollo, Isis, and Serapis, liminal gods like Diana and Silvanus, and cults derived from household worship. Discover the significance of cults in the Roman tradition and those of non-Roman origin like Isis, Mithras, and Magna Mater. Uncover historical events such as the Bacchanalian Conspiracy and slave involvement in religious practices. Dive into the intriguing world of burial customs in ancient Rome and explore the imperial columbaria.

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Cults Appealing to Slaves: Helper Gods, Liminal Gods, and Household Worship

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  1. Cults that appear to appeal especially to slaves: • helper gods: Apollo, Isis and Serapis,Asclepius etc. • liminal gods: Diana (Artemis), Silvanus, Bacchus (Dionysus) • cults deriving from household worship: Lares, Silvanus • cults of ‘high’ Roman tradition: Jupiter Liber, Fortuna, Bona Dea • cults of non-Roman origin: Isis, Mithras, Magna Mater

  2. Silvanus CIL VI 003712; now in Capitoline: Image by Jean-Pol Grandmont

  3. Fortuna - Servius Tullius (mid 6th century BCE) Fortuna Primigenia (Praeneste) The Cooks of the Hall bestowed this as a gift on Fortuna Primigenia. Foremen: Rodos, slave of Orcevius. . .: Artemo, slave of Quintus Dindius; Apollinaris slave of Protus, slave of Aemilius.. CIL 1(2).1447

  4. Hysteria about slave involvement in religion: the Bacchanalian Conspiracy of 186 BCE

  5. Slave exclusion from religion • Hercules at the AraMaxima • Mater Matuta(Matralia) • Slave involvement in religion • Saturnalia Compitalia • Ancillarumferiae • Servorum dies festus • ministrivs. magistri

  6. Burial Rome I n31 BCE (the year of Actium): all burials in ancient cities had to be outside the walls

  7. Imperial columbaria (now under Vatican)

  8. Reconstruction of the imperial columbaria (tour is available from here)

  9. Tomb of Alcimus (a set designer at Pompey’s theatre) from the imperial columbaria

  10. Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas

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