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Industrial Agriculture

Industrial Agriculture. Anth 210, October 16, 2007. Shifting Agricultural Ecosystem. Sun. Humans. Nutrients Fibers Drugs Decorations Etc. Energy. Labor: Clearing Burning Planting Fencing Weeding Harvesting Pest Control Storage Etc. . Air. Carbon, Oxygen. Nutrients Water.

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Industrial Agriculture

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  1. Industrial Agriculture Anth 210, October 16, 2007

  2. Shifting Agricultural Ecosystem Sun Humans Nutrients Fibers Drugs Decorations Etc. Energy Labor: Clearing Burning Planting Fencing Weeding Harvesting Pest Control Storage Etc. Air Carbon, Oxygen Nutrients Water Useless plant Useful plant Soil

  3. Intensive Agricultural Ecosystem Sun Labor energy Water source Energy Humans Nutrients Fibers Drugs Decorations Etc. Animals Manure (nutrients) Traction energy Irrigation Labor energy: Plowing Harrowing Planting Fencing Weeding Harvesting Pest Control Storage Etc. Air Useful plants (crops) Carbon, Oxygen Nutrients Water FARMLAND

  4. Industrial Monocrop Agricultural Ecosystem Sun Consumer goods $ Humans Energy Exchange Value Air -cides Carbon, Oxygen Fertilizer Single crops Nutrients Water source Irrigation Nutrients Water Machinery energy: Plowing Harrowing, Planting Fencing, Weeding Harvesting, Pest Control, Storage, etc. Fossil Fuel FARMLAND

  5. Agricultural Intensification:Energy Surplus Output/input ratio Population density Fossil Fuel Energy Net energy/ land Energy output per unit of land Energy Input per unit of land Shifting Agriculture Intensive Agriculture Industrial Agriculture Foraging

  6. Agricultural Intensification:Energy and Ecology Industrial Agriculture Shifting Agriculture Intensive Agriculture Foraging Energy source Human Human Human+animal Fossil fuel Energy efficiency High High Moderate Lowest Yield per person Low + Low + Low High Diet Protein High Mod to low Low* High Biodiversity (farm) Moderate Moderate Low Biodiversity (landscape) High High Moderate Mod to low Value produced Use Use Use+exchange Exchange+use Population supported V. low Low Mod to high Highest

  7. Agricultural Intensification:Energy Efficiency

  8. Agricultural Intensification:Ecology

  9. The Landscape Approach

  10. Two agricultural landscapes Mixed forest Pines Oats Buckwheat Potatoes Corn Near Walla Walla, Washington Near Yangjuan, China Plowed Wheat Wheat Fallow Wheat

  11. A large industrial farm:Mercer Ranch • 3rd largest carrot producer in the U.S.: about 5% • 20,000 acres; 10,000 in crops • Rotate between potatoes, garlic, carrots, peas • About 60,000 tons of carrots on 2,500 acres • 2 harvesters, [40 total in U.S.] $600,000 each • 75 irrigation circles • Carrot production line

  12. Extensive Irrigation

  13. Extensive Irrigation • 75 circles • Single computer • $50,000 each • 20 pumps, 800-1500 hp.

  14. A factory in the field The carrots from the field are first washed then transported to lines where mechanically grade and transport separately for cell carrots, jumbos, clip-tops, juice and baby-peel carrots.

  15. Agricultural Intensification:Social and Technical Aspects

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