1 / 19

Skin Cancer

Skin Cancer. Nonmelanoma and Melanoma Skin Cancers. Objectives. The learner will be able to: Describe the major forms of skin cancer. Explain treatment modalities used to manage skin cancer. Identify prevention and detection strategies utilized in the management of skin cancer. Skin Cancer.

wang-reilly
Download Presentation

Skin Cancer

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Skin Cancer Nonmelanoma and Melanoma Skin Cancers

  2. Objectives The learner will be able to: • Describe the major forms of skin cancer. • Explain treatment modalities used to manage skin cancer. • Identify prevention and detection strategies utilized in the management of skin cancer.

  3. Skin Cancer • Most common cancer in the United States • Approximately 1 out of every 5 Americans will be diagnosed with skin cancer during his or her lifetime. • 97% of skin cancers will be nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs); basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the primary NMSCs. • An estimated 12,000 people will die from skin cancer in 2014.

  4. Skin Cancer • Malignant melanoma is the most deadly form of skin cancer. • Incidence rates in whites are 5 times higher than in Hispanics and 20 times higher than in African Americans. • Has been one of the fastest increasing malignancies over the past few decades

  5. Risk Factors • Sun exposure • Indoor tanning • Fair skinned; blond/red hair; blue/green eyes • Numerous or dysplastic nevi • Genetic predisposition • Immunosuppression

  6. Basal Cell Carcinoma • Comprises 70% of all skin cancers • Incidence increases with age. • Arises from keratinocytes • Slow-growing; locally invasive • Highly curable (almost 100% with early treatment) • Metastasis and death are rare.

  7. BCC – Signs and Symptoms • Usually occurs on sun-exposed areas • Pale pink or red; translucent, pearly appearance • Scaling and ulceration may occur. • Can damage underlying tissue and skin if untreated

  8. Squamous Cell Carcinoma • Like BCC, arises from keratinocytes • Accounts for 20% of all NMSCs • Mortality rate 1%2% • Frequently occurs on previously damaged skin • Metastasis possible

  9. SCC – Signs and Symptoms • Precancerous actinic keratosis lesions • Presentations vary: • Hard lesion with warty scale • Indurated, rounded base • Dull red lesion with teleangiectasis • Dome-shaped nodules with ulcerations and crusting

  10. Diagnosis and Staging • Skin examination • Biopsy of suspicious lesions • Histologic examination • Staging is based on physical examination, pathology report, and lymph node involvement.

  11. Treatment • Surgery • Cryosurgery • Curettage and electrodesiccation • Excision • Mohs surgery

  12. Treatment (cont.) • Radiation therapy • Patients unable to tolerate surgery • Older patients with large lesions • Chemotherapy • Topical 5-FU

  13. Malignant Melanoma • Cancer of the melanocytes • Average age at diagnosis is 61; however, it is one of the most common cancers in younger adults, especially young women • Rates have been rising for at least 30 years • Expected 76,100 new cases in 2014 with expected 9710 deaths • Highly metastatic • Survival depends on early diagnosis and treatment.

  14. Diagnosis and Staging • Total excisional biopsy • Complete physical and skin check • Lab work and diagnostic tests to help determine the existence of metastatic disease • Breslow thickness • Lymph node involvement

  15. Treatment of Melanoma • Surgical resection • Radiation therapy • Chemotherapy • Hyperthermic regional perfusion • Biotherapy

  16. Skin Cancer Prevention • Reduce sun exposure. • Avoid indoor tanning, sun lamps. • Use sunscreens correctly and consistently. • Wear protective clothing.

  17. Skin Cancer Detection • Warning signs: • A sore that does not heal • Obvious change in a wart or mole • Screening/early detection • Self-examination • Physician/clinician examination

  18. ABCDE of Self-Examination A = Asymmetry B = Boarder C = Color D = Diameter E = Evolving

  19. References American Cancer Society. (2014). Cancer facts and figures 2014. Retrieved from http://www.cancer.org/Research/CancerFactsFigures Beam, S., Belansky, H.B., & Levy, C. (2009). Melanoma. In P. Muehlbauer & C. McGowan (Eds.), Skin cancer (pp. 5179). Pittsburgh, PA: Oncology Nursing Society. Sheridan-Leos, N. (2007). Skin cancers. In M.E. Langhorne, J.S. Fulton, & S.E. Otto (Eds.), Oncology nursing (5th ed., pp. 298308). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

More Related