Energy for Mega Cities: a WEC study for The Montréal Congress

1. Energy for Mega Cities: a WEC study for The Montréal Congress Study Group: Anil Razdan, Chair Pierre-Noël Giraud, Director Energy For Mega Cities

2. Energy For Mega Cities • Mr.Anil Razdan, Secy (Power) GOI, is chairing a global study on: “Energy for Mega Cities” • Pr. Pierre-Noël Giraud, Prof. at ParisTech, is the Study Director. • The Study Group will study the growth, development and energy linked issues of Mega Cities with population of about 10 million or more for a time horizon up to 2050 • It would recommend the norms and code of conduct to ensure a sustainable energy growth of Mega cities

3. Energy For Mega Cities Objectives • Develop a concept of a secure energy supply and distribution system, including the transport sector, for large cities based on modern developing technologies, in order to ensure a sustainable future. • Policy formulation and recommendations, suited to specific regions. • To disseminate lessons learned that can provide the benefits of urban living to those in rural areas and thus relieve one of the main drivers of migration to cities and help achieve the goal of access to basic energy services for all.

4. Energy For Mega Cities Methodology • The Study Group will examine the availability, affordability, sustainability, investments and costs of the various techniques of supplying energy in very big cities as well as the “policy packages” needed for their implementation • These will be examined on both a regional and global scale, with particular attention paid to urban needs tailored to specific regions, through four to five case studies. • Finally, policy actions and investment needs will be identified and communicated in the report.

5. Specificity of this WEC study a bottom - up process starting from the study of what is actually done and scheduled in representative mega cities Business oriented: what could be the role of the energy industry, in partnership with public authorities and civil society. Energy For Mega Cities

6. A bottom up process: 6 to 7 case studies of representative cities: Launched by a workshop organized by the national and regional WEC members Draft report by the “writing team” according to a common template Completion and discussion of the city report with local WEC members and within the study group City reports will be attached to the final report In the meanwhile: Compilation of existing literature by the “writing team” and drafting of the transversal chapters of the final report Energy For Mega Cities

7. Workshops planned with urban officials, academics, WEC members Tokyo, October, 2 Mexico City, November, 26 New Delhi (done by WEC India, second WS end of January) Cape Town (in process - January) London (in process) San Francisco (mere study tour, early February) Toronto ( opportunity being discussed) A bottom up process

8. Case studies completed by the end of March First draft of the report circulated by the end of April Report for Montréal congress Schedule

9. 1. Data Demography, economics and city shape Energy consumption ( including evidence of energy poverty, if relevant) GHG emissions Define first what “ The city of…” means in terms of area, population and administrative levels. Several definitions are possible, according to their usefulness for the sustainability issues. Data should be given for the past, present and future trends BAU, if available. City report template 1

10. 2. Policies National level ( impacting the city) City level Give here a general presentation of the objectives and policies already implemented and decided for the future, both at the national level (only those policies impacting the city) and the local level. Pay attention to the issues of multi level governance. Distinguish three main policy domains: Energy efficiency and GHG emissions reduction Combating energy poverty Adaptation of the energy and related systems to climate change City report template 2

11. 3. Road Maps In the fields of: GHG emissions reduction, Combating energy poverty, Adaptation to climate change: Describe the MAIN actions that must pave the road maps towards availability-affordability and acceptability of the future energy system of the city. Select the most important and representative actions. Describe the stakeholders involved and their relationships. Role of business, role of public-private partnership, role of NGO’s and civil society Evaluate the economics of the actions (cost-benefit analysis, investment involved, etc) Discuss whether: the incentives/constraints system is rightly designed the financing channels are well in place for these actions to be carried out at a sufficient scale City report template 3

12. Proposed Framework of the Final Report 1 1. Population trends in Mega cities 2. Energy consumption, availability, affordability and related GES emissions in Mega cities 3. Energy efficiency and city shape  • There is no single efficient city shape…Policies must focus on how to control a city dynamics • Importance of market forces and general scope for public policies

13. Proposed Framework of the Final Report 2 4. The Tool Box: technical “building blocks” for efficient energy (and related networks) supply  • Description, costs, technical and organisational affordability of: plants, networks, end of pipe equipments • The case for technologies adapted to low income populations • The case for centralised vs. decentralised networks/plants

14. Proposed Framework of the Final Report 3 5. Efficient energy “packages”, their implementation and financing • Efficient energy policies are “packages of measures”. • This chapter will be based on the city case studies, and report “good” practices, including implementation: roles of public/private, central/local, municipalities/civil society, and financing.

15. Proposed Framework of the Final Report 4 6. The global investment challenge Assessment of the need for investment, by specific cities, regions, worldwide 7. Policy recommendations Annexes will present the City Case Studies

16. Bottom up process of gathering bibliography and sharing of relevant documents through the WEC website Documents are now presented on the WEC website under different headings: General By chapter of the final report By cities • A “Blog” has been set up on the web site for interactive discussions among members.

17. Population: 13m. Greater Tokyo: 36m. Stagnating Very compact since Edo time: more than 8000/ha 77% of employment: tertiary Tokyo case study. Main facts (very preliminary)Population and city shape

18. Tokyo case study. Main facts (very preliminary)Modal split

19. Tokyo case study. Main facts (very preliminary)Buildings

20. Tokyo case study. Main facts (very preliminary)GHG emissions by sectors 1990-2006

21. Tokyo case study. Main facts (very preliminary)Tepco( The Tokyo main utility) energy mix

22. Kyoto target most probably not reached at national level in 2012 Tokyo has set its own target for 2020: - 20% / 2000 ( - 18%/ 1990) Main policies: ETS for commercial buildings Strong standards for new buildings Transport and land use: already quite efficient… Tokyo case study. Main facts (very preliminary)Policies

23. Heat pumps ( and lighting) Hybrid and electric cars Greening of energy mix: nuclear, geothermal, wind, efficiency in thermal plants Tokyo case study. Main facts (very preliminary)Road maps

24. Tokyo case study. Main facts (very preliminary)Heat pumps in buildings

25. 2020 target ( -20% / 2000) probably to be reached by Tokyo Later: what about the Tokyo contribution to the -50% national target for 2050 ??? Tokyo case study. Main facts (very preliminary)Comments

26. Report made by the Indian WEC committee Very comprehensive on: data nature and the scope of the problems, both from the availability - affordability and sustainability points of view generic policies that should be applied Delhi case study. Main facts (very preliminary)

27. NCT Delhi: 13m to 24m in 2020 NCR: 37m to 64 in 2020 Program of “counter magnet areas” Importance of illegal settlements Problems of energy (and water) availability Need for huge investments and improving efficiency of electricity and water/sanitation supply Delhi case study. Main facts (very preliminary)

28. Transport: Modal split: still 80% public, but Mainly buses, rickshaws,etc.. Exploding use of personal vehicles: congestion Efforts to shift to less polluting fuels Need for huge investments in rail and BRT mass transportation system, with good interoperability + walking and cycling Delhi case study. Main facts (very preliminary).

29. Complements on the actual road maps would be welcomed Possibly a new workshop on road maps in January First report already available through: J.K. Mehta: jkmwec@yahoo.co.in Delhi case study. Main facts (very preliminary)

30. Let’s have an very good Mexico workshop!Thank You