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KEY CONCEPT Cell cycle regulation is necessary for healthy growth.

KEY CONCEPT Cell cycle regulation is necessary for healthy growth. Internal and external factors regulate cell division. External factors include physical and chemical signals. Growth factors are proteins that stimulate cell division.

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KEY CONCEPT Cell cycle regulation is necessary for healthy growth.

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  1. KEY CONCEPTCell cycle regulation is necessary for healthy growth.

  2. Internal and external factors regulate cell division. • External factors include physical and chemical signals. • Growth factors are proteins that stimulate cell division. • Most mammal cells form a single layer in a culture dish and stop dividing once they touch other cells.

  3. Two of the most important internal factors are kinases and cyclins. • External factors trigger internal factors, which affect the cell cycle.

  4. webbed fingers • Apoptosis is programmed cell death. • a normal feature of healthy organisms • caused by a cell’s production of self-destructive enzymes • occurs indevelopmentof infants

  5. normal cell cancer cell bloodstream Cell division is uncontrolled in cancer. • Cancer cells form disorganized clumps called tumors. • Benign tumors remain clustered and can be removed. • Malignant tumors metastasize, or break away, and can form more tumors.

  6. Cancer cells do not carry out necessary functions. • Cancer cells come from normal cells with damage to genes involved in cell-cycle regulation.

  7. Carcinogens are substances known to promote cancer. • Standard cancer treatments typically kill both cancerous and healthy cells.

  8. Review Questions • A substance that causes cancer is ___________ • What is a harmless tumor called? And those that break away and spread throughout body? • Term for cells that travel to other parts of body. • Proteins that stimulate cell division. • What is one main difference between a normal cell and a cancer cell? • What are two ways that cell division is regulated in healthy cells?

  9. Answers • Carcinogen • Benign, malignant • Metastasize • Growth factors • Normal cells stop dividing when they touch each other. Cancer cells do not respond to normal signals and form clumps of cells. • External factors cause internal factors to help a cell move through the cell cycle. And programmed cell or apoptosis occurs then cells need to naturally die.

  10. More examples of eukaryotes that reproduce through asexual reproducation!

  11. Review Questions: • Asexual reproduction results in genetically _________ daughter cells. • Binary fission is when a single-celled organism divides into ____ daughter cells. • Through what process do prokaryotes reproduce asexually? What process do eukaryotes reproduce asexually?

  12. Answers • Identical • Two • Binary fission • mitosis

  13. All cells have the same DNA!! • So why do stomach cells function differently than skin cells if they have the same DNA? Because different types of cells simply use different genes contained in the DNA. Skin cells use one part of DNA and stomach cells use another.

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