Present time

1. Present time

2. Я читаю (щовечора). I readevery evening. – Present Simple • Я читаю (зараз). I am reading now. – Present Continuous • Я читаю (вже три години / з ранку). Ihave been reading for three hours / since morning. – Present Perfect Continuous Present time (Я ЧИТАЮ)

3. Present simple (formation) (+) We likeEnglish. 1st form of the verb He likes English. 1st form +s/es (-) We don’t like English. do + not + 1st form of the verb He doesn’t like English. does + not + 1st form of the verb (?) Do you like English? Whydo you like English? Does he like English? Whydoes he like English? • Pronunciation of –(e)s • [z] ends, plays, plans, fills, does • [s] asks, puts, stops • [iz] passes, washes, teaches • Spelling • -ch, -sh, -s, -x +escatches, wishes, passes, fixes • A conconant +-y +es = ies carries, studies

4. Present simple (use) • Regular repeated / routine action never seldom sometimes often usually always every Sunday morning, three times a week • Permanent situations • Scientific facts • With stative verbs (instead of continuous forms) • Future (in timetables, regulations, programmes) • Time clauses with future meaning (as soon as, when, after, before, till, until, if) • We go swimming every Saturday. • He never gets home after 10 p.m. • They don’t often travel abroad. • He comes from Canada. • Water melts at 00 C. • Does she hear? • I’m sorry, but I strongly disagree. • The train leaves at 9.05. • When do the lessons begin? • I’ll see him as soon as/when I am free. • Give this to Jane if you can.

5. Present continuous (formation) (+) I am sitting in class. He is sitting in class. We are sitting in class. be+ Ving (-) I am not chewing. He is not chewing now. We are not chewing now. be+ not + Ving (?) Are you sleeping? Whereare you going? Is she sleeping? Whereis she going? • Spelling –ingform • A consonant + -e = drop –e and add –ing smile – smiling • One vowel + one consonant = double the consonant and add –ing run - running • -ie + -ing = ying die + ing = dying • Contracted forms

6. Present continuous (use) With action verbs to talk about • actions happening now/ around now • changing / developing situations • temporary situations • annoying habits with always • arrangements and plans in future • I think he is watching a hockey match. • She’scarrying out an experiment. • The weather is getting better. • He is staying in the hotel. • He’s always buying her presents. • Are you leaving tomorrow?

7. Present perfect continuous (formation) (+) I’vebeen cleaning the house. He’sbeen cleaning the house. have/has + been + Ving (-) I haven’t been living inthe hotel. Shehasn’t been living in the hotel. have/has + not + been + Ving (?) How long have you beenreading the book? • Contractions (+) have = ’ve has = ’s (-) have + not = haven’t has + not = hasn’t

8. Present perfect continuous (use) • An action is not complete • An activity is temporary • A recent activity (effects are seen) • To emphasize how long an action has been going on • I’vebeen studying English. • I’vebeen living here for a year but I’m going to move. • I’vebeen running. I’ll take a shower. • He’sbeen replying to e-mails all morning.

9. Non-continuous verbs