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Aromatic hydrocarbons

Aromatic hydrocarbons. (Session 33). Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Compounds that have, at least one ring of six atoms of carbon in a continual system if double bond Benzene and its derivatives constitute the class of compounds called aromatic hydrocarbons.

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Aromatic hydrocarbons

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  1. Aromatic hydrocarbons (Session 33) Ciencias de la tierra II

  2. Aromatic Hydrocarbons • Compounds that have, at least one ring of six atoms of carbon in a continual system if double bond • Benzene and its derivatives constitute the class of compounds called aromatic hydrocarbons. • The molecular formula of benzene is C6H6 Ciencias de la tierra II

  3. Nomenclature • Many of the aromatic hydrocarbons have common names. These common names are used in the IUPAC nomenclature. • When the aromatic hydrocarbon is substituted, it is necessary to name the substitute and its position ( with numbers or letters) according to the basic rules of the IUPAC nomenclature. • For the base name the common name of the aromatic hydrocarbons are used. For example: Br Cl Br Cl 1,2 dibromine benzene 1,4 dichloride benzene Ciencias de la tierra II

  4. Formulas • Common names for some of the aromatic hydrocarbons: CH3OH Toluene Phenol NH2 COOH Aniline Benzoic Acid Ciencias de la tierra II

  5. ReplacedAromatic Hydrocarbons CH3 OH OH CL 2 chloro phenol 2 hydroxy toluene NH2 COOH Br Br NO2 3,5 dibromide aniline 3-nitro benzoic Ciencias de la tierra II

  6. Physical Properties • All the aromatic hydrocarbons are liquids or solids at room temperature. • Their boiling points are higher then the non aromatic hydrocarbons with the same or similar molecular weight. • Are low polar or non polar. • Are less dense then water. Ciencias de la tierra II

  7. Chemical Properties • Their characteristic reactions are reactions of electrophillic substitution (ionic s): • Halogenations Cl Fe Cl3 + Cl2 Ciencias de la tierra II

  8. Chemical Properties • Nitration NO2 H2SO4 + H2O + HNO3 Nitrobenzene Ciencias de la tierra II

  9. Alkylation reaction of Friedel-Crafts • Alkylation reaction of Friedel-Crafts R Al Cl3 + R - Cl + HCl Ciencias de la tierra II

  10. Application and importance of the aromatics • Excellent dissolvent in the industry and in Labs. • Polystyrene is obtained from the polymerization of styrene Trinitrotoluene is an excellent explosive. • Colorants (anthracene) • Naphthalene (naftalenic) • Insecticides (chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons like DDT) Ciencias de la tierra II

  11. Bibliography • Bloomfield, M. (1997) Chemistry in living organisms. 1st ed. Mexico: LIMUSA • Rakoff, H. et al. (1992) Fundamental Organic Chemistry. 1st ed. Mexico: LIMUSA • Solomons, G. (1996) Fundaments of Organic Chemistry. 2nd. ed. Mexico: LIMUSA • Computer Aided Molecular Design (2003). Benzene on Graphite [Image]. Computer Aided Molecular Design. Extracted on May 28 2003 on the World Wide Web: http://obr-camd.che.uc.edu/research.html Ciencias de la tierra II

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