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Philippines: Freirean Legacies in Popular Education. Sung-Sang Yoo GSE&IS / UCLA Paulo Freire Institute / UCLA. About the Philippines. An Archipelago with 7,107 islands Multicultural Aspects 111 distinctive languages and about 50 different ethnic groups exist.
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Philippines: Freirean Legacies in Popular Education Sung-Sang Yoo GSE&IS / UCLA Paulo Freire Institute / UCLA
About the Philippines • An Archipelago with 7,107 islands • Multicultural Aspects • 111 distinctive languages and • about 50 different ethnic groups exist. • different lingual & ethnic groups also affect differentiation of regional culture and religious rituals one another. • Agriculture remains as a major industry.
Steps toward Humane Global Society Main Tasks • Completing Genuine Land Reform • Structural Change of the Situation of Poverty • Achieving Democratic Multicultural Society (Different but Equal) • New Model of Education in formal and non-formal sphere
Introduction to the Politics • Patron-client Relations and the Sultanism in both local and national level of political domains as a Legacy of Long History of Spanish Colonization • Elite Democracy: Democratic Nation hardly with Democratic Participation in Politics • Revolutionary Challenges against the Conservatives in Economy, Culture, Politics, and Education
History of the Philippines • Spanish Colonization (1562-1898) • American Colonization (1904-1943, 1945-1946) • Japanese Occupation (1943-1945) • National Liberation and the Era of Democratic Transitions (1946-1972) • Marcos Regime on Dictatorship (1972-1986) • EDSA Uprising and the Post-Marcos Era (1986-Present)
Introduction to Popular Movement • Strong Tradition of Communist Party (Jose Maria Sisson) • National Democrats in associates with the Left Popular Movement • Social Democrats • The Assassination of Aquino (1983) and the EDSA Uprising (1986) • Popular Democrats distinctive from Nat Dem & Soc Dem
Problems in the Nation • Deep-rooted Colonial Consciousness • Inequality in Hierarchical Differences • Consistent Poverty and Reproduction of Socio-economic System • Traditional Elitism & Bossism (Elite Democracy) • Existence of Pre-modern economic System (Genuine Land Reform in Process)
Popular Education By empowering people from the poor, oppressed, and marginalized, popular education has played significant role to bring about social democratization through which justice, equality, balanced development are called for.
de la Torre said that “[P]opular education is a never-ending process. While it has definite stages and levels, it is as open-ended as the process of popular empowerment. There are no present limits to people's consciousness, just as there are no fixed boundaries to the growth of people's power and dreams” (IPD 1988: 1).
In 1970s-80s, Pop-ed was • with Radical Left Movement under the slogan of AMO (Arouse, Mobilize, and Organize); • Community Organizing; • Organizational Network; • Initiating Peace Talks; • Promoting Human Rights; and • Community-ed.
Popular Education for People’s Empowerment (PEPE) • Born at the two meetings of nationwide consultations on popular education (1986-7) • Reflection of educational activities and envisioning popular education • CCM (Context-Contents-Methods) as Filipino popular education • Popular educators to work together toward democratization by empowering Filipino people
Challenges of Globalization • Enforced Money Politics • Deepened Inequality among Social Classes • Deregulation and Privatization • Agricultural Liberalization • Labor Immigration / Trafficking of Women • Destruction of Environment • Unilateral Culture (Re-colonization of Culture)
Opportunities of Globalization • International Eye Keeping on Human Rights for Women, Children, Labor, and other minority groups • Influence of International Standards on People’s Condition • Pressures to Raise National Transparency of Politics in Institutional Level • Apparent Support of International Social Movement for People’s Efforts toward Democratization
Pop-ed Facing with Globalization • More Strong Commitment to Popular Movement (Enhancing Grassroots Initiatives) • Issuing Local Issues and Organizing People’s Actions • Participatory Actions and Interactions, • Expanding National Alliances • Creating and Reflecting methods of popular education in current • Stretching People’s Consciousness to International Cooperation • Create a Global Civil Society • Building Knowledge and Elevating People’s Consciousness