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Waves

Waves. Opening scene from: Billabong Odyssey. Wave Properties. Wave – A rhythmic disturbance that carries energy through matter or space. Pulse – Single ‘bump’ / disturbance that travels through medium. Medium – matter (or lack thereof) through which waves travel. Transverse Waves.

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Waves

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  1. Waves

  2. Opening scene from: Billabong Odyssey

  3. Wave Properties • Wave – A rhythmic disturbance that carries energy through matter or space. • Pulse – Single ‘bump’ / disturbance that travels through medium. • Medium – matter (or lack thereof) through which waves travel.

  4. Transverse Waves • Wave that vibrates medium perpendicular to direction of wave motion.

  5. Longitudinal Wave • Wave that vibrates medium parallel to direction of wave motion. Sound Molecules resonating in a closed pipe

  6. Combination Waves Water waves are a combination of transverse and longitudinal.

  7. Great Men Who Lived Among Waves Eddie Aikau Duke Kahanamoku

  8. Measuring a Wave • Amplitude • Period • Frequency • Wavelength • Velocity

  9. Waves at Boundaries Incident Wave Wave Motion Before After Wave Motion Wave Motion Reflected Wave Transmitted Wave

  10. Waves at Boundaries • From Low Density to High Density Reflected ‘Inverted’, Transmitted ‘Upright’ Animations courtesy of Dr. Dan Russell, Kettering University

  11. Waves at Boundaries • From High Density to Low Density Reflected ‘Upright’, Transmitted ‘Upright’

  12. Superposition of Waves • Superposition: When 2 waves cross paths. • Principle of Superposition: When 2 waves meet, the new wave formed is the sum of the two incident waves. • Interference: the result of wave superposition. Wave Interference Animations • Link to Superposition animation

  13. 2 waves of same frequency, same direction, different speeds. • Varying constructive and destructive interference • 2 waves of same frequency, different direction, same speeds. • Result is a standing wave (note what’s called the node and anti-node) • 2 waves of slightly different frequency, same direction, same speeds. • Result is known as ‘beat’ oscillation.

  14. Standing Waves • Standing waves occur when 2 waves of identical frequency and speed interfere with one another while travelling in opposite directions. Node: Point on a wave that doesn’t move. Anti-Node: Point on wave that moves the most.

  15. Harmonics Harmonics: Where frequencies are ‘nice’ multiples of the fundamental frequency. 1st Harmonic (The Fundamental) 2nd Harmonic 3rd Harmonic

  16. Harmonics

  17. Mode Diagrams for Circular Membranes Diagram Mode Desig. Rel. Frequency Diagram Mode Desig. Rel. Frequency Diagram Mode Desig. Rel. Frequency

  18. How the Vortex Gun Works When you throw a rock through the air, the air moves around it. http://amasci.com/wing/smring.html

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