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Prevention of infectious and parasitic diseases

Prevention of infectious and parasitic diseases. Dr. Wasantha Gunathunga Department of Community Medicine. H- nutr, imm. Levels of prevention. Primary Secondary Tertiary. Host. Age Sex Poor nutrition Habits HIV Immunity - BCG. Age Sex Poor nutrition Habits HIV Immunity - BCG.

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Prevention of infectious and parasitic diseases

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  1. Prevention of infectious and parasitic diseases Dr. Wasantha Gunathunga Department of Community Medicine

  2. H- nutr, imm Levels of prevention • Primary • Secondary • Tertiary

  3. Host • Age • Sex • Poor nutrition • Habits • HIV • Immunity - BCG

  4. Age Sex Poor nutrition Habits HIV Immunity - BCG Age : Old age (eg. TB) Infancy(eg.diarrhoea) Reproductive age (HIV) Sex: Male female Host

  5. Age Sex Poor nutrition Habits HIV Immunity - BCG Poor nutrition Proper infant and child feeding Nutrition during illness Nutrition in special groups Proper feeding of senior citizens Host

  6. Age Sex Poor nutrition Habits HIV Immunity - BCG Habits Prevention of substance abuse Prevention of risk sexual behaviour Hygiene Other Host

  7. Age Sex Poor nutrition Habits HIV Immunity - BCG Prevention of HIV will prevent many other infections Immunity –by vaccinations Host

  8. Agent • Prevent drug resistance -Tubercle bacillus • Not giving opportunity • Look for new forms – mutations, eg. SARS

  9. Environment • Manage overcrowding • Recognize occupational exposure • Improve domestic ventilation • public transport • Prevent antibiotic residues in food • Treat open cases

  10. secondary prevention • Surveillance • Screening • Complete treatment • Defaulter tracing

  11. Surveillance • Epidemiological surveillance is the continuous scrutiny of factors that determine the occurrence and distribution of diseases or other conditions of ill health. It includes systematic collection, analysis, interpretation and distribution of relevant data for action.

  12. Approaches of prevention • Population approach • High risk approach

  13. Control Elimination Eradication

  14. Disease Control • The disease ‘agent is allowed to persist in the environment • The disease ceases to become a public health problem • A state of equilibrium • Disease control involves activities of primary prevention and secondary prevention

  15. Elimination • Interruption of disease transmission in the community e.g. Diphtheria

  16. Eradication • Total removal of the infective agent thereby terminating disease transmission and the possibility of disease transmission e.g. Small pox , ?polio

  17. Controlling the reservoir of infection The aim is to reduce the quantity of the agent available for dissemination • Early Diagnosis • Notification • Epidemiological investigation • Isolation • Treatment • Quarantine

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