Showdown: The Birth of the Cold War

1. Showdown: The Birth of the Cold War

2. D- Fined • A period of tension between Superpowers • Politically • Economically • Ideologically • Culturally • Militarily *No direct confrontation between USA/USSR

3. Origins of the East West Conflict Legacy of WW2: • U.S emerges from WWII to become the dominant World Power • Europe lay in ruins The Soviet Union lost 20 million citizens and further coalesced into a Totalitarian state under Chairman Joseph Stalin • USA and USSR begin domination of global politics

4. Global Upheaval • Japan was destitute after 2 nuclear bomb attacks and its territory occupied • China was in the grip of a Civil War • India was pushing for colonial independence • South America became a haven for military dictators

5. You Tell Me Using page 27 in your text book, outline the factors that led to the United States and the USSR becoming global powers. Please make 2 columns to organize your information.

6. Karl Marx for Dummies • Society is unequal – wealth & power • Owners vs. Workers (exploitation) • Workers revolt and seize means of production • Create new society built on egalitarianism

7. Communism: For The Not So Bright (dummies) • Economic & Political ideology • Developed by Karl Marx and Frederic Engels • Born out of the inequalities of the Industrial Revolution • Original design has never been implemented • Linked with Totalitarian governments • Many offshoots – Socialism/Anarchism

8. Pure Communism • From each according to his ability, to each according to his need • Abolish the quest for wealth • Abolish exploitation • A society built on the Worker

9. A Clash of Ideologies

10. Russian Revolution: Europe Goes Red • Great unrest in Tsarist Russia • Poverty, dissatisfaction with WWI and personal dislike of the Tsar and his family • Communist uprising led by Vladimir Lenin – The Bolsheviks • Overthrew the Tsarist government and created a Soviet State – union of districts • Lenin becomes first Chairman • Succeeded by Joseph Stalin

11. Ra, Ra,……..

12. The Home Shopping Network!

13. The OTHER ideology • Democratic Capitalism – The quest to obtain capital (resources) • Built on the law of supply and demand • Profit motive - Competition • Personal freedom – work & succeed

14. These Hurt my Brain • Do human beings need incentives to perform tasks? • Are we naturally greedy?

15. Soviet Communism • Emphasis on State Control – Totalitarianism • Strict agrarian and industry-based economy • Citizens act for the good of the State • Reduction of civil and personal liberties • Large Sphere of Influence – Satelite States

16. Stalin’s Purges • Anyone deemed a threat to the Revolution was forcibly removed from society • Who? 3 Destinations Re-Education Camps Gulag Prison Special Unit - Hard Labour - Hard labour

17. The Red Scare • Relations b/t the U.S and USSR have historically been shaky • Eastern governments had an intense fear of the spread of Communism and prior to WW2, had no contact with the USSR

18. American Democratic Capitalism • Emphasis on personal freedom and choice • Limited role of government in society • Low taxes • Perks for the wealthy ‘Merica!

19. Prelude to the C-Dub - The Big 3 Post War Conferences • Tehran Conference – Dec, 1 / 1943 • Yalta Conference – 1944 • Potsdam Conference - 1945 Conference Goals – To discuss policies toward Europe post WW2

20. 2 Perspectives • Using the Viewpoints text book, identify the major concerns each Superpower had with the other. Use a chart to organize your answers: Soviet Perspective U.S Perspective

22. KGB Special Branch - Cryptography

23. Turning Up the Heat

24. The Skinny • Soviet cipher clerk • Looooovvveeeed Canada • Defected in 1949 • Stole 109 secret Soviet documents • Revealed a massive spy network in North America – Sleeper Agents

25. Yalta in a Nutshell • Ratified plans for new international organizations • Expansive German reparation payments • Allowed for the redistribution of Germany among allied powers

26. The Cold War Begins: Berlin 1945 • At the core of the Yalta discussions was the policy toward a post-war Germany • The Big 3, upon completion of the ‘5D’s’ (page 43), decided that Germany should be divided among the victorious powers

27. Potsdam & The Bad Idea Several plans are created for the dismemberment of Germany & Berlin

30. Soviet Suspicion in Berlin • Western Germany began an aggressive policy of reconstruction built on a capitalistic economic system – The Marshall Plan • New currency was created, although rejected by the Soviets, and distributed among the Western sectors (You tell me the name and how it was implemented) The USSR accused the West of buying the support of the German people.

31. American Democracy/Capitalism • American obsession with personal liberty • Closely linked with economic freedom • Small government / big individual • Free market economics – no gov’t interference

32. Berlin Cornerstone • Who controlled Berlin, controlled Europe • Deep rifts began to form in Germany Soviet Style Government vs. Western Style Government

33. An Iron Curtain Descends…. • March 1945, while speaking at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri and receiving an honorary degree • He noted that the spread of Communism across Europe represented an Iron Curtain descending • Symbolism of a Curtain – dark, secret, oppressive

34. Dissent in Berlin • Soviet officials began restricting movement in Berlin – Why/How? • Berlin was occupied with western citizens See page 51 – what does the cartoon imply?

35. Checkpoint Charlie

36. Berlin Blockade Brainstorm – What options did Western powers have? Video

37. 1 Complicating Factor 1949

38. A Leaky East Berlin Where Would You Rather Live? West Berlin East Berlin • Rapid rebuilding - Slower rebuilding • New currency - State control - Stasi • Democratic Govt - Lack of general opportunity

39. Peace Out, East Berlin!

40. Soviet Solution

41. The Spy Game & Nuclear Showdown • Canada ushers in a new era in the Cold War; Espionage • Igor Gouzenko – Soviet Cyhper Clerk in Ottawa

42. Atomic Questions • Explain what scientists were hoping to discover from the detonation of the uranium bomb. • Why would weather be of chief concern to atomic scientists? • Describe the scene after the bomb was detonated • Explain how the bomb exceeded expectations • Why was chief physicist Robert Oppenheimer reminded of the mythical story of Prometheus?

43. Understanding Nukes • Atomic bombs operate by a process of fission, chain reaction and atomic separation • When the atom is separated it releases tremendous energy • During the early stages of the Cold War, Uranium and Plutonium were used. Hydrogen (much more powerful) was developed at a later date

44. Impact • Nuclear Weapons create 3 chief effects: • Radioactive Fallout – tiny radioactive particles that are released into the atmosphere • An EM Pulse – Electromagnetic pulse that can ruin most electronics • A mushroom cloud shockwave

46. Strength Progression World War II – ‘Fatboy’ Atomic Bomb – Gravity Propelled – 13 kilotons 1949 – Soviet Union detonates – 22 kilotons

47. continued 1961 – Soviet “Tsar Bomba Project” – First thermonuclear weapon – 100 megatons - The explosion was hot enough to induce third degree burns at 100 km.

48. Keloid Scar